Mitochondrial Perturbation in Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes.

Mitochondrial Perturbation in Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes.
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DOI:
10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.019
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Yan SS
Yan SS
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Akhter F;Chen D;Yan SF;Yan SS

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线粒体是众所周知的细胞器,在细胞生物能量学、血红素生物合成、产热、钙稳态、脂质分解代谢等代谢活动中发挥重要作用。鉴于线粒体在细胞功能中的广泛作用,线粒体功能障碍在许多疾病中都起着一定的作用,包括糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病(AD)。在大多数情况下,有压倒性的证据表明线粒体功能受损是这些疾病的一个致病因素。研究疾病细胞和健康细胞中线粒体的功能可能会揭示特定疾病状态下的修饰机制和分子组成。在本章中,我们简要概述了线粒体异常及其与突触功能障碍的关系的主要最新发现,这些功能障碍与阿尔茨海默病和糖尿病的神经变性和认知功能下降有关。我们对线粒体扰动作用的深入了解表明,针对线粒体功能异常的特定小分子的开发可以通过增强大脑能量、改善突触功能和传递,为大脑抗击衰老相关痴呆和神经退行性疾病提供治疗益处。
Mitochondria are well-known cellular organelles that play a vital role in cellular bioenergetics, heme biosynthesis, thermogenesis, calcium homeostasis, lipid catabolism, and other metabolic activities. Given the extensive role of mitochondria in cell function, mitochondrial dysfunction plays a part in many diseases, including diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In most cases, there is overwhelming evidence that impaired mitochondrial function is a causative factor in these diseases. Studying mitochondrial function in diseased cells vs healthy cells may reveal the modified mechanisms and molecular components involved in specific disease states. In this chapter, we provide a concise overview of the major recent findings on mitochondrial abnormalities and their link to synaptic dysfunction relevant to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD and diabetes. Our increased understanding of the role of mitochondrial perturbation indicates that the development of specific small molecules targeting aberrant mitochondrial function could provide therapeutic benefits for the brain in combating aging-related dementia and neurodegenerative diseases by powering up brain energy and improving synaptic function and transmission.
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