Vitamin C function in the brain: vital role of the ascorbate transporter SVCT2.
Vitamin C function in the brain: vital role of the ascorbate transporter SVCT2.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.12.018
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发表时间：
2009-03-15
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
May JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harrison FE;May JM
抗坏血酸(维生素C)是大脑中一种重要的抗氧化分子。然而，它也有许多其他重要的功能，作为辅助因子参与了几个酶反应，包括儿茶酚胺的合成，胶原的产生和HIF-1α的调节。抗坏血酸通过钠依赖的维生素C转运蛋白2(SVCT2)转运到大脑和神经元中，这会导致抗坏血酸在细胞内逆浓度梯度积累。脱氢抗坏血酸是抗坏血酸的氧化形式，通过GLUT家族的葡萄糖转运蛋白运输。一旦进入细胞，它就会迅速还原为抗坏血酸。虽然大脑是最难消耗抗坏血酸的器官，但体内抗坏血酸浓度最高的是大脑和肾上腺等神经内分泌组织。结合抗坏血酸在不同脑区分布的区域不对称性，这些事实表明抗坏血酸在大脑中扮演着重要的角色。抗坏血酸被认为是谷氨酸、多巴胺、胆碱和GABA能传递及相关行为的神经调节剂。神经退行性疾病通常涉及高水平的氧化应激，因此抗坏血酸被认为对缺血性中风、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病具有潜在的治疗作用。
Ascorbate (vitamin C) is a vital antioxidant molecule in the brain. However, it also has a number of other important functions, participating as a co-factor in several enzyme reactions including catecholamine synthesis, collagen production and regulation of HIF-1α. Ascorbate is transported into the brain and neurons via the Sodium-dependent Vitamin C Transporter-2 (SVCT2), which causes accumulation of ascorbate within cells against a concentration gradient. Dehydroascorbic acid, the oxidized form of ascorbate, is transported via glucose transporters of the GLUT family. Once in cells, it is rapidly reduced to ascorbate. The highest concentrations of ascorbate in the body are found in the brain and neuroendocrine tissues such as adrenal, although the brain is the most difficult organ to deplete of ascorbate. Combined with regional asymmetry in ascorbate distribution within different brain areas, these facts suggest an important role for ascorbate in the brain. Ascorbate is proposed as a neuromodulator of glutamatergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic and GABAergic transmission and related behaviors. Neurodegenerative diseases typically involve high levels of oxidative stress and thus ascorbate has been posited to have potential therapeutic roles against ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntingdon's disease.
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