Naming in young children: a dumb attentional mechanism?
Naming in young children: a dumb attentional mechanism?
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幼儿命名：一种愚蠢的注意力机制？
DOI：
10.1016/0010-0277(96)00709-3
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Landau,B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith,LB;Jones,SS;Landau,B
先前的研究表明，幼儿在概括新学到的物体名称时，会选择性地关注某些物体属性，而忽略其他物体属性。此外，孩子们关注的具体属性取决于刺激和任务背景。本研究测试了一种注意力解释：儿童在名称概括中的特征选择是由非策略性注意力过程引导的，这些过程受任务中提出的新概念信息的影响最小。四项实验向 3 岁儿童和成人展示了由独特的基础物体和附加部件组成的新颖工艺品。在名称条件下，受试者被询问测试对象是否与样本具有相同的名称。在相似条件下，受试者对同一对象做出相似判断。在两个实验中，向受试者展示了基础对象或零件的功能。成年人的命名和相似性判断都受到功能信息的影响。儿童的相似性判断也受到功能的影响。然而，儿童的命名不受功能信息的影响。相反，儿童在命名中的特征选择仅随着基础物体和零件的相对显着性的变化而改变。结果与这样的观点是一致的，即愚蠢的注意力过程导致幼儿将新单词聪明地概括为新的实例。讨论了解释这些发现的潜在机制。
Previous studies have shown that young children selectively attend to some object properties and ignore others when generalizing a newly learned object name. Moreover, the specific properties children attend to depend on the stimulus and task context. The present study tested an attentional account: that children's feature selection in name generalization is guided by non-strategic attentional processes that are minimally influenced by new conceptual information presented in the task. Four experiments presented 3-year-old children and adults with novel artifacts consisting of distinctive base objects with appended parts. In a Name condition, subjects were asked whether test objects had the same name as the exemplar. In a Similarity condition, subjects made similarity judgments for the same objects. Subjects in two experiments were shown a function for either the base object or the parts. Both adults' naming and similarity judgments were influenced by the functional information. Children's similarity judgments were also influenced by the functions. However, children's naming was immune to influence from information about function. Instead, children's feature selection in naming was shifted only by changes in the relative salience of base objects and parts. The results are consistent with the idea that dumb attentional processes are responsible for young children's smart generalizations of novel words to new instances. Potential mechanisms to explain these findings are discussed.
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知识、概念和类别
DOI：
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
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