Cilia take the egg on a magic carpet ride.
Cilia take the egg on a magic carpet ride.
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纤毛带着鸡蛋乘坐魔毯。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2108887118
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Wolfner,MarianaF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Suarez,SusanS;Wolfner,MarianaF
真兽目哺乳动物受精的一个关键步骤是卵母细胞（卵子）通过输卵管（输卵管）从卵巢表面“拾取”。在卵巢中，每个卵母细胞在卵泡内成熟，卵泡内被支持性颗粒细胞包围。随着排卵期的临近，靠近卵母细胞的颗粒细胞转化为卵丘细胞，卵丘细胞开始分泌水合弹性细胞外基质（1）。排卵时，卵母细胞及其卵丘细胞和它们的基质-卵丘-卵母细胞复合体（COC）-从卵巢释放出来，必须被拉入输卵管，越过卵巢表面和输卵管开口端（漏斗）之间的间隙。COC拾取失败可导致精子与卵母细胞受精失败，或者更糟，导致胚胎在子宫外异位植入。在PNAS中，Yuan et al. (2)证明了覆盖漏斗部衬里的微小运动纤毛地毯对于成功地将卵母细胞拾取并运输到输卵管中至关重要。(2)创造了一种雌性小鼠，其输卵管基本上没有纤毛。他们通过同时敲除两簇micro-RNAs（miRs）来做到这一点，这两簇miRs是在输卵管上皮细胞上产生纤毛所必需的;组织/时间靶向敲除缩小了miRs对成年输卵管上皮的影响。基因敲除的雌性不育，即使它们产生正常数量的卵母细胞和生殖激素。相反，他们的不育是由于卵母细胞拾取失败造成的：Yuan et al. (2)观察到卵母细胞没有进入基因敲除小鼠的输卵管，而是在它们从卵巢释放后积聚在输卵管外的囊腔中。尽管一些基因敲除的雌性小鼠在输卵管中保留了数量减少的活动纤毛，但这些纤毛不足以支持COC的拾取和运输并不奇怪，因为单个小鼠卵母细胞的COC直径为400 μm（1），是野生型（WT）纤毛平均长度5.1 μm（2）的80倍。很多纤毛，
A critical step in fertilization of eutherian mammals is the “pickup” of oocytes (eggs) by the oviduct (fallopian tube) from the surface of the ovary. In the ovary, each oocyte matures within a follicle, in which it is surrounded by supportive granulosa cells. As the time of ovulation nears, the granulosa cells close to the oocyte transform into cumulus cells, which begin secreting a hydrated elastic extracellular matrix (1). At ovulation, the oocyte plus its cumulus cells and their matrix—the cumulus–oocyte complex (COC)—is released from the ovary and must be pulled into the oviduct, vaulting over a gap between the surface of the ovary and the open end of the oviduct, the infundibulum. Failure of COC pickup can lead to failure of sperm to fertilize the oocyte or, worse, to ectopic implantation of an embryo outside of the uterus. In PNAS, Yuan et al.(2) demonstrate that the carpet of tiny motile cilia that coats the lining of the infundibulum is crucial to successful oocyte pickup and transport into the oviduct.Yuan et al.(2) created a strain of female mice whose oviducts were largely devoid of cilia. They did this by simultaneously knocking out two clusters of micro-RNAs (miRs) that, together, are necessary to generate cilia on the epithelial cells of the oviduct; tissue/timetargeted knockout narrowed down the effects of the miRs to the adult oviduct epithelium. Knockout females were infertile, even though they produced normal amounts of oocytes and reproductive hormones. Their infertility resulted, instead, from a failure of oocyte pickup: Yuan et al.(2) observed that oocytes did not enter the oviducts of the knockout mice but instead accumulated in the bursal cavity outside of the oviduct after they had been released from the ovary. Although some knockout female mice retained a reduced number of motile cilia in the oviduct, it is not surprising that those cilia were insufficient to support COC pickup and transport, because the 400-μm diameter of the COC for a single mouse oocyte (1) is 80-fold larger than the 5.1-μm average length of wild-type (WT) cilia (2). Many cilia,
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1990
期刊：
Immunology today (Amsterdam. Regular ed.)
影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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