Clothing the New Poor Law workhouse in the nineteenth century

Clothing the New Poor Law workhouse in the nineteenth century
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十九世纪新济贫法济贫院的服装

DOI:
10.1017/s095679332000014x
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Rural History
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jones P
Jones P
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jones P

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济贫院仍然是社会历史学家的图腾机构,但我们仍然对室内穷人的日常经历知之甚少。在关于济贫院服装的讨论中,这一点最为明显,在文学作品中,济贫院服装仍然是压倒性的负面观点,与济贫院是痛苦和耻辱之地的主流观点一致。然而,这种观点往往建立在相对肤浅的经验基础上,往往依赖于轶事证据,或者不加批判地使用照片、报纸社论和其他文化产品等主观来源。这篇文章采取了不同的方法,重新审视了济贫院服装对穷人和那些监督其分配的人所具有的全部意义,以及他们赋予它的实际和象征性的用法。根据这一证据,作者认为,与正统观点相反,济贫院的服装很少是有意贬低或羞辱人的;对于不同阶层的穷人来说,它的含义会非常不同;而且,穷人非但不是肆无忌惮的苦难的来源,反而往往发现它是巨大的战略和实用价值的来源。
The workhouse remains a totemic institution for social historians, yet we still know very little about the day-to-day experiences of the indoor poor. Nowhere is this clearer than in discussions about workhouse clothing, which remain overwhelmingly negative in the literature and consistent with the predominant view of the workhouse as a place of suffering and humiliation. Yet more often than not, this view is based on relatively shallow empirical foundations and tends to rely on anecdotal evidence or on the uncritical use of subjective sources such as photographs, newspaper editorials and other cultural products. This article takes a different approach by looking again at the whole range of meanings that workhouse clothing held for paupers and those who oversaw its allocation, and at the practical and symbolic usages to which it was put by them. On the basis of this evidence the authors argue that, contrary to the orthodox view, workhouse clothing was rarely intended to be degrading or stigmatising; that it would have held very different meanings for different classes of paupers; and that, far from being a source of unbridled misery, paupers often found it to be a source of great strategic and practical value.
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