The body as object and instrument of knowledge : embodied empiricism in early modern science
The body as object and instrument of knowledge : embodied empiricism in early modern science
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身体作为知识的对象和工具：早期现代科学中经验主义的体现
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ofer Gal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Wolfe;Ofer Gal
根据伦敦皇家学会（Royal Society of London）公认的观点，正是在17世纪60年代的英国，科学获得了我们认为属于自己的经验探究形式：一种开放的、合作的实验实践，以专门设计的仪器为媒介，以民间话语为支持，强调准确性和可复制性。在弗朗西斯·培根的哲学思想、新教的现世仁爱思想、宗教礼仪准则以及对力学和宇宙机械结构的主要兴趣的指导下，皇家学会的成员创造了一种新颖的实验实践，取代了以前的经验探索模式，从亚里士多德式的观察到炼金术实验。
本卷的重点是发展的身体作为一种兴趣-作为研究的对象和经验的主题。重新体现哲学将兴趣的焦点转移到“生命科学”;医学，生理学，自然历史。事实上，皇家学会的许多活跃成员都是医生，其中相当一部分人是威廉·哈维的弟子，并通过他继承了世纪在帕多瓦发展起来的经验解剖学实践。事实上，早期皇家学会的主要研究兴趣集中在人体、人和动物的身体及其功能上，而不是力学。同样，科学院也直接违背了它自己强加给自己的使命，即以机械论的方式研究自然，在《回忆录》中投入了大量篇幅来探讨有关生命、繁殖和怪物的问题，向经验主义植物学家、药剂师和化学家请教，更接近经验，而不是笛卡尔的有根据知识的标准。
It was in 1660s England, according to the received view, in the Royal Society of London, that science acquired the form of empirical enquiry we recognize as our own: an open, collaborative experimental practice, mediated by specially-designed instruments, supported by civil discourse, stressing accuracy and replicability. Guided by the philosophy of Francis Bacon, by Protestant ideas of thisworldly benevolence, by gentlemanly codes of decorum and by a dominant interest in mechanics and the mechanical structure of the universe, the members of the Royal Society created a novel experimental practice that superseded former modes of empirical inquiry, from Aristotelian observations to alchemical experimentation.
This volume focuses on the development of empiricism as an interest in the body – as both the object of research and the subject of experience. Re-embodying empiricism shifts the focus of interest to the ‘life sciences’; medicine, physiology, natural history. In fact, many of the active members of the Royal Society were physicians, and a significant number of those, disciples of William Harvey and through him, inheritors of the empirical anatomy practices developed in Padua during the 16th century. Indeed, the primary research interests of the early Royal Society were concentrated on the body, human and animal, and its functions much more than on mechanics. Similarly, the Academie des Sciences directly contradicted its self-imposed mandate to investigate Nature in mechanistic fashion, devoting a significant portion of its Memoires to questions concerning life, reproduction and monsters, consulting empirical botanists, apothecaries and chemists, and keeping closer to experience than to the Cartesian standards of well-founded knowledge.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
M. Kutas;Kara D. Federmeier
通讯作者：
M. Kutas;Kara D. Federmeier