The microbiology of asthma.
The microbiology of asthma.
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DOI：
10.1038/nrmicro2801
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发表时间：
2012-06-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Johnston SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards MR;Bartlett NW;Hussell T;Openshaw P;Johnston SL
卫生假说指出，儿童时期反复接触各种感染可以预防日后的哮喘和过敏。对农村环境(哮喘风险较低)和城市或城镇(哮喘风险较高)人群的研究表明，患哮喘的风险可能与微生物多样性呈负相关。人类的下呼吸道有一个明显的微生物区系，不是无菌的。不同的细菌家族可能与哮喘等呼吸道疾病有关。微生物组的变化可能与哮喘的发病机制有关，可能受到哮喘严重程度的影响，也可能受到疾病治疗的影响。呼吸道病毒鼻病毒(RVS)和人类呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)与幼儿哮喘的发病有关，但这种联系的机制很大程度上是未知的。病毒和细菌，特别是非典型细菌，与哮喘恶化密切相关。因此，使用抗感染药物或提高对这些病原体的自然免疫力可能有助于控制哮喘加重引起的疾病负担。哮喘是一种异质性的复杂疾病，其病因有环境、免疫、遗传和微生物等因素。在这篇综述中，Edwardset al.描述微生物如何影响哮喘的风险、严重程度和发病机制，以及对疾病的保护。哮喘仍然是一种重要的人类疾病，在全世界范围内造成大量的发病率和死亡率。哮喘的原因是多因素的，包括环境、免疫和宿主遗传因素的复杂组合。此外，流行病学研究表明，哮喘与呼吸道病原体感染之间存在很强的相关性，包括鼻病毒、人类呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒、冠状病毒和流感病毒等常见呼吸道病毒，以及细菌(包括非典型细菌)和真菌。在这篇综述中，我们描述了微生物在哮喘发病风险中的多种作用，以及在疾病的发病和预防中的作用，并讨论了感染影响哮喘严重程度和流行的机制。
The hygiene hypothesis states that repeated exposure to diverse infections in childhood protects against asthma and allergy later in life. The risk of developing asthma may be inversely correlated with microbial diversity, as suggested by studies of populations in rural environments (which have a low risk of asthma) and populations living in cities or towns (which have a high risk of asthma). The human lower airway has a distinct microbiota and is not sterile. Different families of bacteria may be associated with airway diseases such as asthma. Changes in the microbiome may be involved in asthma pathogenesis and may be affected by asthma severity and perhaps also by treatment for the disease. The respiratory viruses rhinoviruses (RVs) and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are associated with asthma onset in young children, but the mechanisms responsible for this association are largely unknown. Viruses and bacteria, including atypical bacteria in particular, are strongly associated with asthma exacerbations. The use of anti-infective drugs or boosting naturally occurring immunity to these pathogens may therefore be useful in controlling the burden of disease caused by asthma exacerbations. Asthma is a heterogeneous, complex disease, and its causes have environmental, immunological, genetic and microbial components. In this Review, Edwardset al. describe how microorganisms can influence the risk, severity and pathogenesis of asthma, and protection against the disease. Asthma remains an important human disease that is responsible for substantial worldwide morbidity and mortality. The causes of asthma are multifactorial and include a complex mix of environmental, immunological and host genetic factors. In addition, epidemiological studies show strong associations between asthma and infection with respiratory pathogens, including common respiratory viruses such as rhinoviruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses, coronaviruses and influenza viruses, as well as bacteria (including atypical bacteria) and fungi. In this Review, we describe the many roles of microorganisms in the risk of developing asthma and in the pathogenesis of and protection against the disease, and we discuss the mechanisms by which infections affect the severity and prevalence of asthma.
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DOI：
10.1084/jem.20062211
发表时间：
2007-02-19
期刊：
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子：
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作者：
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发表时间：
1999-12-01
影响因子：
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