Posttranslational and Therapeutic Control of Gasdermin-Mediated Pyroptosis and Inflammation.

Posttranslational and Therapeutic Control of Gasdermin-Mediated Pyroptosis and Inflammation.
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DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2021.661162
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Bezbradica JS
Bezbradica JS
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fischer FA;Chen KW;Bezbradica JS

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上睑下垂是一种细胞死亡的前炎性形式,由称为气囊的膜孔形成蛋白介导。加斯德明毛孔允许释放促炎细胞因子IL-1、β和IL-18,并导致细胞肿胀和细胞溶解,导致其他细胞内蛋白的释放,这些蛋白起到警示作用,使炎症持续下去。最具特征性的是Gasdermin D,它通过其N-末端结构域形成孔,该结构域在全长Gasdermin D被caspase-1或-11(在人类中为caspase-4/5)切割后产生,通常是在感受到细胞内病原体时产生的。因此,最初认为气囊藻类在病原体诱导的炎症中起主要作用。我们现在知道,Gasdermin家族成员也可以被其他蛋白酶切割,如caspase-3、caspase-8和颗粒酶,它们有助于无菌炎症以及自身炎症性疾病或癌症免疫治疗中的炎症。在这里,我们简要回顾Gasdermin毛孔形成的方式和时间,然后重点介绍新出现的内源性机制和治疗方法,这些机制和治疗方法可用于控制毛孔形成、下垂和下游炎症。
Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of cell death, mediated by membrane pore-forming proteins called gasdermins. Gasdermin pores allow the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and cause cell swelling and cell lysis leading to release of other intracellular proteins that act as alarmins to perpetuate inflammation. The best characterized, gasdermin D, forms pores via its N-terminal domain, generated after the cleavage of full length gasdermin D by caspase-1 or -11 (caspase-4/5 in humans) typically upon sensing of intracellular pathogens. Thus, gasdermins were originally thought to largely contribute to pathogen-induced inflammation. We now know that gasdermin family members can also be cleaved by other proteases, such as caspase-3, caspase-8 and granzymes, and that they contribute to sterile inflammation as well as inflammation in autoinflammatory diseases or during cancer immunotherapy. Here we briefly review how and when gasdermin pores are formed, and then focus on emerging endogenous mechanisms and therapeutic approaches that could be used to control pore formation, pyroptosis and downstream inflammation.
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