R1 retrotransposons in the nucleolar organizers of Drosophila melanogaster are transcribed by RNA polymerase I upon heat shock

R1 retrotransposons in the nucleolar organizers of Drosophila melanogaster are transcribed by RNA polymerase I upon heat shock
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果蝇核仁组织中的 R1 逆转录转座子在热激后由 RNA 聚合酶 I 转录

DOI:
10.1080/21541264.2018.1506682
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
Transcription
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
DiMario, Patrick J.
DiMario, Patrick J.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Raje, Himanshu S.;Lieux, Molly E.;DiMario, Patrick J.

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黑腹果蝇的核糖体RNA基因(rDNA)位于X和Y染色体上的近着丝粒核仁组织者中。每个基因座含有200-300个串联重复DNA单元,编码核糖体生物发生所必需的18 S、5.8S、2S和28 S核糖体RNA(rRNA)。在果蝇等节肢动物中,大约60%的DNA基因在其28 S区域的特定位点插入了R1和/或R2反转录转座子;这些单位可能无法产生功能性的28 S rRNA。我们早些时候表明,由于核糖体组装因子(140 kDa的核仁磷蛋白(Nopp 140))的丢失而引起核仁应激,R2表达增加。在这里,我们表明,R1的表达是选择性诱导热休克。放线菌素D而非α-鹅膏蕈碱能阻断热休克后S2细胞中R1的表达,表明R1元件由Pol I转录。一系列的RT-PCR证实了Pol I从28 S基因区域到R1的通读转录。RT-PCR产物测序证实了28 S-R1 RNA连接和R1元件在核仁DNA中的表达,而不是已知存在于着丝粒异染色质中的R1元件。使用NCBI-GEO提供的全基因组精确连续测序(PRO-seq)数据集,我们表明,在正常的非热休克条件下,R1元件上的Pol I活性可以忽略不计,但在热休克时会增加。我们提出,在热休克之前,Pol I在R1的5个末端内暂停,在那里我们发现一个共识“暂停按钮”,并且热休克释放Pol I用于进一步进入R1的通读转录。
The ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) ofDrosophila melanogasterreside within centromere-proximal nucleolar organizers on both the X and Y chromosomes. Each locus contains between 200–300 tandem repeatrDNAunits that encode 18S, 5.8S, 2S, and 28S ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) necessary for ribosome biogenesis. In arthropods likeDrosophila, about 60% of therDNAgenes haveR1and/orR2retrotransposons inserted at specific sites within their28Sregions; these units likely fail to produce functional 28S rRNA. We showed earlier thatR2expression increases upon nucleolar stress caused by the loss of the ribosome assembly factor, Nucleolar Phosphoprotein of 140 kDa (Nopp140). Here we show thatR1expression is selectively induced by heat shock. Actinomycin D, but not α-amanitin, blockedR1expression in S2 cells upon heat shock, indicating thatR1elements are transcribed by Pol I. A series of RT-PCRs established read-through transcription by Pol I from the28Sgene region intoR1. Sequencing the RT-PCR products confirmed the 28S-R1 RNA junction and the expression ofR1elements within nucleolarrDNArather thanR1elements known to reside in centromeric heterochromatin. Using a genome-wide precision run-on sequencing (PRO-seq) data set available at NCBI-GEO, we show that Pol I activity onR1elements is negligible under normal non-heat shock conditions but increases upon heat shock. We propose that prior to heat shock Pol I pauses within the 5ʹ end ofR1where we find a consensus “pause button”, and that heat shock releases Pol I for read-through transcription farther intoR1.
DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1923
发表时间: 2012-03-04
期刊: NATURE METHODS
影响因子: 48
作者:
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影响因子: 14.9
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期刊: Chromosoma
影响因子: 1.6
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DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90392-x
发表时间: 1980-01-01
期刊: CELL
影响因子: 64.5
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通讯作者: GLOVER, DM