R1 retrotransposons in the nucleolar organizers of Drosophila melanogaster are transcribed by RNA polymerase I upon heat shock
R1 retrotransposons in the nucleolar organizers of Drosophila melanogaster are transcribed by RNA polymerase I upon heat shock
复制标题
果蝇核仁组织中的 R1 逆转录转座子在热激后由 RNA 聚合酶 I 转录
DOI:
10.1080/21541264.2018.1506682
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
DiMario, Patrick J.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Raje, Himanshu S.;Lieux, Molly E.;DiMario, Patrick J.
The ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) ofDrosophila melanogasterreside within centromere-proximal nucleolar organizers on both the X and Y chromosomes. Each locus contains between 200–300 tandem repeatrDNAunits that encode 18S, 5.8S, 2S, and 28S ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) necessary for ribosome biogenesis. In arthropods likeDrosophila, about 60% of therDNAgenes haveR1and/orR2retrotransposons inserted at specific sites within their28Sregions; these units likely fail to produce functional 28S rRNA. We showed earlier thatR2expression increases upon nucleolar stress caused by the loss of the ribosome assembly factor, Nucleolar Phosphoprotein of 140 kDa (Nopp140). Here we show thatR1expression is selectively induced by heat shock. Actinomycin D, but not α-amanitin, blockedR1expression in S2 cells upon heat shock, indicating thatR1elements are transcribed by Pol I. A series of RT-PCRs established read-through transcription by Pol I from the28Sgene region intoR1. Sequencing the RT-PCR products confirmed the 28S-R1 RNA junction and the expression ofR1elements within nucleolarrDNArather thanR1elements known to reside in centromeric heterochromatin. Using a genome-wide precision run-on sequencing (PRO-seq) data set available at NCBI-GEO, we show that Pol I activity onR1elements is negligible under normal non-heat shock conditions but increases upon heat shock. We propose that prior to heat shock Pol I pauses within the 5ʹ end ofR1where we find a consensus “pause button”, and that heat shock releases Pol I for read-through transcription farther intoR1.
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