CRISPR-based technologies: prokaryotic defense weapons repurposed.

CRISPR-based technologies: prokaryotic defense weapons repurposed.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tig.2014.01.003
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发表时间:
2014-03
期刊:
影响因子:
11.4
通讯作者:
Terns, Michael P.
Terns, Michael P.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Terns, Rebecca M.;Terns, Michael P.

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为了对抗潜在的致命病毒感染,原核微生物招募基于RNA的小型适应性免疫系统(CRISPR-CAS系统),通过特定序列识别和定向破坏病毒核酸(DNA或RNA,取决于系统)来保护病毒。在这里,我们总结了通过重新编程各种CRISPR-Cas复合体的小引导RNA,重定向这些微生物免疫系统的核酸酶活性以结合和切割所选择的DNA或RNA靶标方面的快速进展。这些研究表明,II型CRISPR-Cas系统既可以作为高效和通用的基因组编辑工具,也可以作为非常广泛的细胞类型(包括人类)和生物体中基因表达的有效和特异的调节器。在开发III型RNA靶向CRISPR-Cas系统作为一种新的基因敲除平台以研究微生物代谢工程中的基因功能和调节基因表达方面也取得了进展。
To combat potentially deadly viral infections, prokaryotic microbes enlist small RNA-based adaptive immune systems (CRISPR-Cas systems) that protect through sequence-specific recognition and targeted destruction of viral nucleic acids (either DNA or RNA depending on the system). Here, we summarize rapid progress made in redirecting the nuclease activities of these microbial immune systems to bind and cleave DNA or RNA targets of choice, by reprogramming the small guide RNAs of the various CRISPR-Cas complexes. These studies have demonstrated the potential of Type II CRISPR-Cas systems both as efficient and versatile genome editing tools and as potent and specific regulators of gene expression in a very broad range of cell types (including human) and organisms. Progress is also being made in developing a Type III RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas system as a novel gene knockdown platform to investigate gene function and modulate gene expression for metabolic engineering in microbes.
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