eNOS protects from atherosclerosis despite relevant superoxide production by the enzyme in apoE mice.

eNOS protects from atherosclerosis despite relevant superoxide production by the enzyme in apoE mice.
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尽管酶在APOE小鼠中产生了相关的超氧化物,但ENOS仍能保护动脉粥样硬化。

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0030193
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Kuhlencordt PJ
Kuhlencordt PJ
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ponnuswamy P;Schröttle A;Ostermeier E;Grüner S;Huang PL;Ertl G;Hoffmann U;Nieswandt B;Kuhlencordt PJ

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一氧化氮合酶(NOS)三种亚型均在动脉粥样硬化斑块中表达。一氧化氮合酶一般催化一氧化氮的产生。然而,在底物和辅因子缺乏的条件下,该酶直接催化超氧化物的形成。考虑到这种替代化学,一氧化氮合酶在自发性高脂血症导致动脉粥样硬化的关键事件中的作用还没有被研究过。在此,我们评估了内皮型一氧化氮合酶(ENOS)如何在动脉粥样硬化中调节白细胞/内皮细胞(L/E)和血小板/内皮细胞(P/E)的相互作用,以及该酶如何产生一氧化氮(NO)和超氧化物歧化酶(O2)。颈动脉活体显微镜显示,载脂蛋白E/eNOS双基因敲除小鼠(apoE−/−/eNOS−/−)的L/E-相互作用显著增加,而P/E-相互作用与载脂蛋白E−/−相比无差异。ENOS缺乏增加颈动脉巨噬细胞的浸润和血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)在血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞的表达。尽管斑块中存在其他类型的一氧化氮合酶亚型(诱导型一氧化氮合酶、诱导型一氧化氮合酶和神经元型一氧化氮合酶,nNOS),但电子自旋共振(ESR)检测显示eNOS对总循环和血管壁NO的产生有显著贡献。药物抑制和eNOS的基因缺失减少了血管超氧化物的产生,表明载脂蛋白E−/−血管中的酶是解偶联的。明显的斑块形成、血管炎症增加和L/E-相互作用与载脂蛋白E−/−/eNOS−/−血管中超氧化物歧化酶的生成显著减少有关。因此,内皮型一氧化氮合酶缺乏并不会导致氧化应激的自动增加。在载脂蛋白E−/−动脉粥样硬化中,eNOS发生解偶联,但并不否定该酶的强大保护作用。
All three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms are expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. NOS enzymes in general catalyse NO production. However, under conditions of substrate and cofactor deficiency, the enzyme directly catalyse superoxide formation. Considering this alternative chemistry, the effects of NOS on key events in spontaneous hyperlipidemia driven atherosclerosis have not been investigated yet. Here, we evaluate how endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) modulates leukocyte/endothelial- (L/E) and platelet/endothelial- (P/E) interactions in atherosclerosis and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide by the enzyme. Intravital microscopy (IVM) of carotid arteries revealed significantly increased L/E-interactions in apolipoproteinE/eNOS double knockout mice (apoE−/−/eNOS−/−), while P/E-interactions did not differ, compared to apoE−/−. eNOS deficiency increased macrophage infiltration in carotid arteries and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, both in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Despite the expression of other NOS isoforms (inducible NOS, iNOS and neuronal NOS, nNOS) in plaques, Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements of NO showed significant contribution of eNOS to total circulating and vascular wall NO production. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of eNOS reduced vascular superoxide production, indicating uncoupling of the enzyme in apoE−/− vessels. Overt plaque formation, increased vascular inflammation and L/E- interactions are associated with significant reduction of superoxide production in apoE−/−/eNOS−/− vessels. Therefore, lack of eNOS does not cause an automatic increase in oxidative stress. Uncoupling of eNOS occurs in apoE−/− atherosclerosis but does not negate the enzyme's strong protective effects.
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