A diversity-oriented synthesis approach to macrocycles via oxidative ring expansion.

A diversity-oriented synthesis approach to macrocycles via oxidative ring expansion.
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DOI:
10.1038/nchembio.911
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发表时间:
2012-03-11
影响因子:
14.8
通讯作者:
Tan, Derek S.
Tan, Derek S.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kopp, Felix;Stratton, Christopher F.;Akella, Lakshmi B.;Tan, Derek S.

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大环化合物是许多生物活性小分子中的关键结构元件,并且是基于天然产物库的多样性导向合成中有吸引力的靶标。然而,使用经典的大环化反应已经证明难以有效和系统地获得大环化合物的不同集合。为了解决这个问题,我们已经开发了一个简洁的,模块化的方法,以多样性为导向的大环内酯和大环内酰胺的合成,涉及多环烯醇醚和烯胺中的桥接双键的氧化裂解。这些底物仅在4-5个合成步骤中组装,并经历扩环以提供高度官能化的大环,其带有用于进一步多样化的柄。与相应的开环酸的大环化反应相比,扩环反应是有效的并且对环尺寸和立体化学不敏感,克服了系统大环合成的常规方法的关键限制。化学信息学分析表明,这些大环化合物进入与天然产物重叠的化学空间区域,与目前靶向的合成药物不同。
Macrocycles are key structural elements in numerous bioactive small molecules and are attractive targets in the diversity-oriented synthesis of natural product-based libraries. However, efficient and systematic access to diverse collections of macrocycles has proven difficult using classical macrocyclization reactions. To address this problem, we have developed a concise, modular approach to the diversity-oriented synthesis of macrolactones and macrolactams involving oxidative cleavage of a bridging double bond in polycyclic enol ethers and enamines. These substrates are assembled in only 4–5 synthetic steps and undergo ring expansion to afford highly functionalized macrocycles bearing handles for further diversification. In contrast to macrocyclization reactions of corresponding seco-acids, the ring expansion reactions are efficient and insensitive to ring size and stereochemistry, overcoming key limitations of conventional approaches to systematic macrocycle synthesis. Cheminformatic analysis indicates that these macrocycles access regions of chemical space that overlap with natural products, distinct from currently-targeted synthetic drugs.
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