Pancreatic β-cell tRNA hypomethylation and fragmentation link TRMT10A deficiency with diabetes.

Pancreatic β-cell tRNA hypomethylation and fragmentation link TRMT10A deficiency with diabetes.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gky839
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发表时间:
2018-11-02
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Igoillo-Esteve M
Igoillo-Esteve M
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cosentino C;Toivonen S;Diaz Villamil E;Atta M;Ravanat JL;Demine S;Schiavo AA;Pachera N;Deglasse JP;Jonas JC;Balboa D;Otonkoski T;Pearson ER;Marchetti P;Eizirik DL;Cnop M;Igoillo-Esteve M

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转运RNA(transfer RNA,tRNA)是蛋白质合成所必需的非编码RNA分子。在转录后,它们被大量修饰以改善其功能、折叠和稳定性。CDKAL 1(一种tRNA甲硫基转移酶)的内含子多态性与2型糖尿病风险增加相关。TRMT 10A(一种tRNA甲基转移酶)的功能缺失突变是早发性糖尿病和小头畸形的单基因原因。在这里,我们确认TRMT 10A作为鸟苷9 tRNA甲基转移酶的作用,并确定tRNAGln和tRNAiMeth作为其两个靶标。使用RNA干扰和来自健康对照和TRMT 10A缺陷患者的诱导多能干细胞衍生的胰腺β样细胞,我们证明TRMT 10A缺陷诱导氧化应激并触发β细胞凋亡的内在途径。我们发现tRNA鸟苷9低甲基化导致tRNAGln片段化,5′-tRNAGln片段介导TRMT 10A缺陷诱导的β细胞死亡。这项研究揭示了tRNA低甲基化和片段化是迄今为止未知的与单基因和多基因形式的糖尿病相关的胰腺β细胞死亡机制。
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules essential for protein synthesis. Post-transcriptionally they are heavily modified to improve their function, folding and stability. Intronic polymorphisms in CDKAL1, a tRNA methylthiotransferase, are associated with increased type 2 diabetes risk. Loss-of-function mutations in TRMT10A, a tRNA methyltransferase, are a monogenic cause of early onset diabetes and microcephaly. Here we confirm the role of TRMT10A as a guanosine 9 tRNA methyltransferase, and identify tRNAGln and tRNAiMeth as two of its targets. Using RNA interference and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic β-like cells from healthy controls and TRMT10A-deficient patients we demonstrate that TRMT10A deficiency induces oxidative stress and triggers the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in β-cells. We show that tRNA guanosine 9 hypomethylation leads to tRNAGln fragmentation and that 5′-tRNAGln fragments mediate TRMT10A deficiency-induced β-cell death. This study unmasks tRNA hypomethylation and fragmentation as a hitherto unknown mechanism of pancreatic β-cell demise relevant to monogenic and polygenic forms of diabetes.
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