Unprecedented acceleration of winter discharge of Upper Yenisei River inferred from tree rings

Unprecedented acceleration of winter discharge of Upper Yenisei River inferred from tree rings
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从树木年轮推断叶尼塞河上游冬季流量空前加速

DOI:
10.1088/1748-9326/ac3e20
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Taynik, Anna V
Taynik, Anna V
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Panyushkina, Irina P;Meko, David M;Shiklomanov, Alexander;Thaxton, Richard D;Myglan, Vladimir;Barinov, Valentin V;Taynik, Anna V

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叶尼塞河是所有流入北冰洋的河流中最大的淡水和能量通量贡献者。由于河流流量在时间和空间上的巨大变化,以及稀疏的测量流量网络和卫星数据的缺乏所带来的监测限制,对欧亚流入北冰洋的径流的长期变化进行建模变得复杂。我们量化树木生长对河流流量的响应在叶尼塞河上游图瓦,南西伯利亚。根据8个西伯利亚落叶松年轮宽度年表建立的两个回归模型,分别重建了1784-1997年(214年)的冬季(11 - 4月)流量和1701-2000年(300年)的年(10 - 9月)流量。11月至4月模型解释了52%的放电方差,而10月至9月解释了26%的校准间隔1927-1997年和1927-2000年,分别。这一新的水文档案使Kyzyl测量仪的流量记录长度增加了一倍,并将流量变化的时间背景重置为1784年。重建发现,在过去的25年里,冬季流量激增了80%,这是过去214年来前所未有的。相比之下,该系统的年流量波动正常,在过去25年中仅增加了7%。用CRU资料进行的水平衡模拟表明,1960年以后,测流量的年代际变化与气候资料之间存在显著差异。我们讨论的基流率的变化的影响,在南西伯利亚的不连续带和广泛的森林火灾的加速冻土变暖。冬季流量仅占全年流量的三分之一,但持续25年的激增令人担忧。这一趋势可能是由北极放大造成的,在寒冷的季节,增加的冬季流量向喀拉海输送了更多的淡水,这可能会进一步放大。
The Yenisei River is the largest contributor of freshwater and energy fluxes among all rivers draining to the Arctic Ocean. Modeling long-term variability of Eurasian runoff to the Arctic Ocean is complicated by the considerable variability of river discharge in time and space, and the monitoring constraints imposed by a sparse gauged-flow network and paucity of satellite data. We quantify tree growth response to river discharge at the upper reaches of the Yenisei River in Tuva, South Siberia. Two regression models built from eight tree-ring width chronologies of Larix sibirica are applied to reconstruct winter (Nov–Apr) discharge for the period 1784–1997 (214 years), and annual (Oct–Sept) discharge for the period 1701–2000 (300 years). The Nov–Apr model explains 52% of the discharge variance whereas Oct–Sept explains 26% for the calibration intervals 1927–1997 and 1927–2000, respectively. This new hydrological archive doubles the length of the instrumental discharge record at the Kyzyl gauge and resets the temporal background of discharge variability back to 1784. The reconstruction finds a remarkable 80% upsurge in winter flow over the last 25 years, which is unprecedented in the last 214 years. In contrast, annual discharge fluctuated normally for this system, with only a 7% increase over the last 25 years. Water balance modeling with CRU data manifests a significant discrepancy between decadal variability of the gauged flow and climate data after 1960. We discuss the impact on the baseflow rate change of both the accelerating permafrost warming in the discontinuous zone of South Siberia and widespread forest fires. The winter discharge accounts for only one third of the annual flow, yet the persistent 25 year upsurge is alarming. This trend is likely caused by Arctic Amplification, which can be further magnified by increased winter flow delivering significantly more fresh water to the Kara Sea during the cold season.
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