The effects of hypolimnetic anoxia on the diel vertical migration of freshwater crustacean zooplankton
The effects of hypolimnetic anoxia on the diel vertical migration of freshwater crustacean zooplankton
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浅湖性缺氧对淡水甲壳类浮游动物昼夜垂直迁移的影响
DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.2332
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Carey, Cayelan C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doubek, Jonathan P.;Campbell, Kylie L.;Doubek, Kaitlyn M.;Hamre, Kathleen D.;Lofton, Mary E.;McClure, Ryan P.;Ward, Nicole K.;Carey, Cayelan C.
由于气候变化和富营养化，世界各地的湖泊和水库的底层沃茨（低层）中溶解氧（缺氧）日益枯竭，这正在改变许多淡水生态群落的动态。淡水缺氧可能会极大地改变浮游动物的日常迁徙和分布，浮游动物是水生食物网中浮游植物的主要食草动物。在含氧低水层的水体中，浮游动物表现出昼夜垂直迁移（DVM），即它们在白天迁移到黑暗的低水层，以逃避鱼类捕食或紫外线（UV）辐射损害，在光照良好的表面沃茨（上层水层）。然而，由于缺氧hypolimnia的生理压力条件下，我们假设浮游动物可能会被迫留在epilimnion在白天，交易增加捕食风险或紫外线辐射损伤的氧应力。为了研究缺氧如何影响浮游动物的垂直迁移，分布，生物量和群落组成的昼夜期间，我们进行了多个昼夜采样活动的水库，跨越好氧，缺氧，缺氧hypolimnetic条件。此外，我们采样相同的水库每两周在白天检查整个夏季分层季节的浮游动物的垂直位置。在缺氧条件下，大多数浮游动物类群主要发现在表层在白天和晚上，没有表现出DVM，并具有较低的季节性生物量比在水库与好氧hypolimnia。只有幻影蠓幼虫，Chaoborusspp.，一直耐缺氧因此，我们的研究结果表明，hypolimnetic缺氧可能会改变浮游动物的迁移，生物量和行为，这反过来可能会加剧水质退化，由于浮游动物在淡水生态系统中发挥的关键作用。
Lakes and reservoirs worldwide are increasingly experiencing depletion of dissolved oxygen (anoxia) in their bottom waters (the hypolimnion) because of climate change and eutrophication, which is altering the dynamics of many freshwater ecological communities. Hypolimnetic anoxia may substantially alter the daily migration and distribution of zooplankton, the dominant grazers of phytoplankton in aquatic food webs. In waterbodies with oxic hypolimnia, zooplankton exhibit diel vertical migration (DVM), in which they migrate to the dark hypolimnion during the day to escape fish predation or ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage in the well‐lit surface waters (the epilimnion). However, due to the physiologically stressful conditions of anoxic hypolimnia, we hypothesized that zooplankton may be forced to remain in the epilimnion during daylight, trading oxic stress for increased predation risk or UV radiation damage. To examine how anoxia impacts zooplankton vertical migration, distribution, biomass, and community composition over day–night periods, we conducted multiple diel sampling campaigns on reservoirs that spanned oxic, hypoxic, and anoxic hypolimnetic conditions. In addition, we sampled the same reservoirs fortnightly during the daytime to examine the vertical position of zooplankton throughout the summer stratified season. Under anoxic conditions, most zooplankton taxa were predominantly found in the epilimnion during the day and night, did not exhibit DVM, and had lower seasonal biomass than in reservoirs with oxic hypolimnia. Only the phantom midge larva,Chaoborusspp., was consistently anoxia‐tolerant. Consequently, our results suggest that hypolimnetic anoxia may alter zooplankton migration, biomass, and behavior, which may in turn exacerbate water quality degradation due to the critical role zooplankton play in freshwater ecosystems.
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