Nonagonal cadherins: A new protein family found within the Stramenopiles.
Nonagonal cadherins: A new protein family found within the Stramenopiles.
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九角钙粘蛋白：原生藻菌中发现的一个新蛋白质家族。
DOI：
10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.003
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Fletcher KIG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fletcher KIG
钙粘蛋白是一组典型的与平面细胞极性和Wnt信号传导相关的分子，在动物界之外很少有报道。在这里，我们确定了一个新的钙粘蛋白家族的Strageliles，称为Nonagonal后，他们的9个跨膜通道，这与其他已知的钙粘蛋白家族中发现的一个或七个通道。人工策展和实验验证揭示了两个子类的nonagonal钙粘蛋白，这取决于不间断的细胞外钙粘蛋白（EC）模块的数量。首先，较短的单外显子，unimodular，蛋白质模型，与3至12 EC域发生重复旁系同源物在腐食性LabelothulomycetesAurantiochytriumlimanicum和Schizochytriumaggregatum，胃肠道芽囊原虫hominis（芽囊原虫）和作为一个单拷贝基因在自养浮游植物Aureococcusanophagefferens。在卵菌属Albugo、Phytophthora、Pythium和Eurychasma中发现了较大的单拷贝、多外显子、三模块蛋白模型，总共具有多达72个EC结构域。在近缘的自养褐藻纲（褐藻）或硅藻纲（硅藻）中，以及在几个属的植物和动物病原卵菌（丝囊菌属、水霉属和透明operonospora）中，均未发现同源物。这种潜在的缺乏进一步研究了同线性分析的基因组区域侧翼的钙粘蛋白基因模型，这被发现是高度可变的。这个新的钙粘蛋白家族的新颖之处是在三模块卵菌钙粘蛋白和破囊壶菌蛋白的N-末端存在嵌入层粘连蛋白和推定的碳水化合物结合。由于我们无法检测到任何同源的蛋白质参与的信号转导途径，其他钙粘蛋白家族参与，我们提出了一个概念性的假设nonagonal钙粘蛋白的功能的基础上，周围存在假定的碳水化合物结合结构域。
Cadherins, a group of molecules typically associated with planar cell polarity and Wnt signalling, have been little reported outside of the animal kingdom. Here, we identify a new family of cadherins in the Stramenopiles, termed Nonagonal after their 9 transmembrane passes, which contrast to the one or seven passes found in other known cadherin families. Manual curation and experimental validation reveal two subclasses of nonagonal cadherins, depending on the number of uninterrupted extracellular cadherin (EC) modules presented. Firstly, shorter mono-exonic, unimodular, protein models, with 3 to 12 EC domains occur as duplicate paralogs in the saprotrophic LabyrinthulomycetesAurantiochytrium limanicumand Schizochytriumaggregatum, the gastrointestinal Blastocystis hominis (Blastocystae) and as a single copy gene in the autotrophic PelagophyteAureococcus anophagefferens. Larger, single copy, multi-exonal, tri-modular protein models, with up to 72 EC domain in total, are found in the Oomycete generaAlbugo, Phytophthora,Pythium andEurychasma. No homolog was found in the closely related autotrophic Phaeophyceae (brown algae) or Bacillariophyceae (diatoms), nor in several genera of plant and animal pathogenic oomycetes (Aphanomyces, Saprolegnia andHyaloperonospora). This potential absence was further investigated by synteny analysis of the genome regions flanking the cadherin gene models, which are found to be highly variable. Novel to this new cadherin family is the presence of intercalated laminin and putative carbohydrate binding in tri-modular oomycete cadherins and at the N-terminus of thraustochytrid proteins. As we were unable to detect any homologs of proteins involved in signalling pathways where other cadherin families are involved, we present a conceptual hypothesis on the function of nonagonal cadherin based around the presence of putative carbohydrate binding domains.
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