Adaptive Lévy processes and area-restricted search in human foraging.
Adaptive Lévy processes and area-restricted search in human foraging.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0060488
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wiener JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hills TT;Kalff C;Wiener JM
大量的研究表明，动物的觅食行为表现出尾的幂律分布的运动长度，具有Lévy飞行和Lévy行走的特征。虽然这些说法最近受到质疑，但许多动物使用Lévy过程觅食的提议仍然存在。Lévy过程不考虑何时何地遇到资源，并且独立于过去的经验对移动长度进行采样。然而，Lévy过程也受到质疑，因为在不完整的资源环境中，资源敏感的觅食策略（如区域限制搜索）比Lévy飞行更好，但仍然可以产生运动长度的重尾分布。为了进一步研究这些问题，我们跟踪了人类在开放的虚拟环境中搜索隐藏资源的过程，无论是零散的还是分散的资源分布。支持以前的研究，在这两种情况下，对数分箱方法与Lévy航班和秩-频方法一致，使用最大似然法比较替代分布，显示出对有界幂律分布（截断Lévy航班）的最强支持。然而，拟合优度测试发现，即使是有界幂律分布也只能准确地描述4（32）名参与者的运动行为。此外，路径中的补丁环境（但不是分散的环境）表现出过渡到密集搜索资源的遭遇，区域限制搜索的特点。环境之间的转移路径显示，路径中产生的补丁环境适应该环境。我们的研究结果表明，虽然幂律分布不能准确地反映人类的搜索，Lévy过程仍然可以描述分散环境中的运动，但在搜索区域受限的斑块环境中则不然。此外，我们的研究结果表明，搜索策略不能推断不知道生物体如何响应资源的修补和分散的条件导致类似的列维运动分布。
A considerable amount of research has claimed that animals’ foraging behaviors display movement lengths with power-law distributed tails, characteristic of Lévy flights and Lévy walks. Though these claims have recently come into question, the proposal that many animals forage using Lévy processes nonetheless remains. A Lévy process does not consider when or where resources are encountered, and samples movement lengths independently of past experience. However, Lévy processes too have come into question based on the observation that in patchy resource environments resource-sensitive foraging strategies, like area-restricted search, perform better than Lévy flights yet can still generate heavy-tailed distributions of movement lengths. To investigate these questions further, we tracked humans as they searched for hidden resources in an open-field virtual environment, with either patchy or dispersed resource distributions. Supporting previous research, for both conditions logarithmic binning methods were consistent with Lévy flights and rank-frequency methods–comparing alternative distributions using maximum likelihood methods–showed the strongest support for bounded power-law distributions (truncated Lévy flights). However, goodness-of-fit tests found that even bounded power-law distributions only accurately characterized movement behavior for 4 (out of 32) participants. Moreover, paths in the patchy environment (but not the dispersed environment) showed a transition to intensive search following resource encounters, characteristic of area-restricted search. Transferring paths between environments revealed that paths generated in the patchy environment were adapted to that environment. Our results suggest that though power-law distributions do not accurately reflect human search, Lévy processes may still describe movement in dispersed environments, but not in patchy environments–where search was area-restricted. Furthermore, our results indicate that search strategies cannot be inferred without knowing how organisms respond to resources–as both patched and dispersed conditions led to similar Lévy-like movement distributions.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Harris, Tajie H.;Banigan, Edward J.;Christian, David A.;Konradt, Christoph;Wojno, Elia D. Tait;Norose, Kazumi;Wilson, Emma H.;John, Beena;Weninger, Wolfgang;Luster, Andrew D.;Liu, Andrea J.;Hunter, Christopher A.
通讯作者：
Hunter, Christopher A.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Humphries, Nicolas E.;Queiroz, Nuno;Sims, David W.
通讯作者：
Sims, David W.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Rhee, Injong;Shin, Minsu;Chong, Song
通讯作者：
Chong, Song
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
Bénichou, O;Coppey, M;Voituriez, R
通讯作者：
Voituriez, R
DOI：
10.1016/j.physa.2007.07.001
发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Rhodes, Theo;Turvey, Michael T.
通讯作者：
Turvey, Michael T.