The cross talk between gastric cancer stem cells and the immune microenvironment: a tumor-promoting factor.
The cross talk between gastric cancer stem cells and the immune microenvironment: a tumor-promoting factor.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13287-021-02562-9
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发表时间：
2021-09-09
影响因子：
7.5
通讯作者：
Ortiz-Sánchez E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becerril-Rico J;Alvarado-Ortiz E;Toledo-Guzmán ME;Pelayo R;Ortiz-Sánchez E
癌细胞和免疫系统之间的相互作用是癌症进展的决定性因素。新出现的证据表明，GC的特征，如转移，治疗耐药性和疾病复发与称为胃癌干细胞（GCSC）的肿瘤亚群相关。然而，GCSC与免疫微环境之间的特异性相互作用仍在研究中。尽管肿瘤干细胞（cancer stem cells，CSCs）的免疫逃避作用已被广泛研究，但最近的研究表明GCSCs也可以调节免疫系统，甚至从中受益。本文将综述CSCs与免疫细胞在GC中的双向相互作用，收集有关CSCs如何诱导白细胞重编程，导致促肿瘤免疫细胞协调促进肿瘤转移、化疗耐药性，致瘤性，甚至增加具有干细胞特性的癌细胞的数量。研究的一些免疫细胞是肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）、中性粒细胞、Th17和T调节（Treg）细胞、间充质干细胞（MSC）和癌症相关成纤维细胞（CAF），以及参与这些促肿瘤活性的信号传导途径。相反，虽然有细胞毒性白细胞，可以潜在地消除GCSC，我们描述的免疫逃避GCSC及其临床意义的机制。此外，我们描述了目前可用的免疫疗法靶向GCSC相关标志物作为GC的可能治疗方法，讨论了CSC修饰的免疫微环境如何减轻或抑制这些免疫疗法，限制其有效性。最后，我们总结了关键概念和相关证据，以了解GCSC和免疫微环境之间的串扰，作为有效设计针对GCSC的治疗方法的重要过程，从而改善GC患者的预后。
Cross talk between cancer cells and the immune system is determinant for cancer progression. Emerging evidence demonstrates that GC characteristics such as metastasis, treatment resistance, and disease recurrence are associated with a tumor subpopulation called gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs). However, the specific interaction between GCSCs and the immune microenvironment is still under investigation. Although immune evasion has been well described for cancer stem cells (CSCs), recent studies show that GCSCs can also regulate the immune system and even benefit from it. This review will provide an overview of bidirectional interactions between CSCs and immune cells in GC, compiling relevant data about how CSCs can induce leukocyte reprogramming, resulting in pro-tumoral immune cells that orchestrate promotion of metastasis, chemoresistance, tumorigenicity, and even increase in number of cancer cells with stem properties. Some immune cells studied are tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils, Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as well as the signaling pathways involved in these pro-tumoral activities. Conversely, although there are cytotoxic leukocytes that can potentially eliminate GCSCs, we describe mechanisms for immune evasion in GCSCs and their clinical implications. Furthermore, we describe current available immunotherapy targeting GCSC-related markers as possible treatment for GC, discussing how the CSC-modified immune microenvironment can mitigate or inactivate these immunotherapies, limiting their effectiveness. Finally, we summarize key concepts and relevant evidence to understand the cross talk between GCSCs and the immune microenvironment as an important process for effective design of therapies against GCSCs that improve the outcome of patients with GC.
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影响因子：
37.3
作者：
Gasch C;Ffrench B;O'Leary JJ;Gallagher MF
通讯作者：
Gallagher MF
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
Alshehri, Abdulaziz;Alanezi, Hussain;Kim, Beom Su
通讯作者：
Kim, Beom Su
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Baud, Jessica;Varon, Christine;Staedel, Cathy
通讯作者：
Staedel, Cathy
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fathi, Ezzatollah;Charoudeh, Hojjatollah Nozad;Farahzadi, Raheleh
通讯作者：
Farahzadi, Raheleh
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Downs-Canner S;Berkey S;Delgoffe GM;Edwards RP;Curiel T;Odunsi K;Bartlett DL;Obermajer N
通讯作者：
Obermajer N