Toward a common representational framework for adaptation.

Toward a common representational framework for adaptation.
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建立一个共同的适应代表性框架。

DOI:
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Psychology Review
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Brandon M. Turner
Brandon M. Turner
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
Brandon M. Turner

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我们开发了一个计算模型--自适应表征模型(ARM)--用于关联学习动力学的两个经典理论:实例理论和强度理论。在模型中,我们展示了实例理论和强度理论的原理如何被实例化,以便他们的假设的有效性可以用实验数据来检验。我们展示了在某些条件下,体现实例表示的模型可以被认为是基于强度表示的特例。我们讨论了在动态环境中产生自适应行为的一些机制,并详细说明了如何在ARM中实例化它们。为了评估提出的机制的相对优势,我们构建了一套10个模型变量,并将它们与来自三个实验的单次试验选择响应时间数据进行了拟合。第一个实验涉及类别暴露频率的动态变化,第二个实验涉及类别分布均值的变化,第三个实验涉及类别分布均值和方差的变化。我们通过评估模型适合性来评估模型性能,模型匹配因复杂性而受到惩罚,在个人和总体层面上都是如此。我们表明,预测误差和侧抑制机制是本文所考虑的模型变体成功的重要因素。我们的结果表明,选择和反应时间的联合分布可以被认为是将刺激属性映射到它们适当的反应分配的进化表征的一种紧急性质。(JuncINFO数据库记录(C)2019 APA,版权所有)。
We develop a computational model-the adaptive representation model (ARM)-for relating 2 classic theories of learning dynamics: instance and strength theory. Within the model, we show how the principles of instance and strength theories can be instantiated, so that the validity of their assumptions can be tested against experimental data. We show how under some conditions, models embodying instance representations can be considered a special case of a strength-based representation. We discuss a number of mechanisms for producing adaptive behaviors in dynamic environments, and detail how they may be instantiated within ARM. To evaluate the relative strengths of the proposed mechanisms, we construct a suite of 10 model variants, and fit them to single-trial choice response time data from three experiments. The first experiment involves dynamic shifts in the frequency of category exposure, the second experiment involves shifts in the means of the category distributions, and the third experiment involves shifts in both the mean and variance of the category distributions. We evaluate model performance by assessing model fit, penalized for complexity, at both the individual and aggregate levels. We show that the mechanisms of prediction error and lateral inhibition are strong contributors to the successes of the model variants considered here. Our results suggest that the joint distribution of choice and response time can be thought of as an emergent property of an evolving representation mapping stimulus attributes to their appropriate response assignment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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