Helminth-virus interactions: determinants of coinfection outcomes.

Helminth-virus interactions: determinants of coinfection outcomes.
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DOI:
10.1080/19490976.2021.1961202
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发表时间:
2021-01
期刊:
影响因子:
12.2
通讯作者:
Thackray LB
Thackray LB
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Desai P;Diamond MS;Thackray LB

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病毒感染通常在无特定病原体条件下在模型哺乳动物生物体中进行研究。然而,在自然界中,合并感染是常见的,一种生物体的感染可以改变宿主对另一种生物体感染的易感性。蠕虫寄生虫与哺乳动物宿主有着悠久的共同进化历史,并塑造了宿主的生理,代谢,免疫和微生物组的组成。已发表的研究表明,蠕虫感染可以是有益的或有害的病毒感染。在这里,我们讨论了在小鼠模型中的合并感染研究,并使用它们来定义影响结果的关键决定因素,包括抗病毒免疫的类型,蠕虫和病毒的组织嗜性,以及病毒感染与蠕虫生命周期相关的时间。我们还探讨了蠕虫病毒共感染如何影响宿主免疫和病毒发病机制的当前机制的理解。虽然肠道细菌微生物组对感染免疫力的影响受到了很大的关注,但我们认为肠道蠕虫作为真核微生物组的一部分,也是病毒感染后疾病发病机制和严重程度的重要调节剂。
Viral infections are often studied in model mammalian organisms under specific pathogen-free conditions. However, in nature, coinfections are common, and infection with one organism can alter host susceptibility to infection with another. Helminth parasites share a long coevolutionary history with mammalian hosts and have shaped host physiology, metabolism, immunity, and the composition of the microbiome. Published studies suggest that helminth infection can either be beneficial or detrimental during viral infection. Here, we discuss coinfection studies in mouse models and use them to define key determinants that impact outcomes, including the type of antiviral immunity, the tissue tropism of both the helminth and the virus, and the timing of viral infection in relation to the helminth lifecycle. We also explore the current mechanistic understanding of how helminth-virus coinfection impacts host immunity and viral pathogenesis. While much attention has been placed on the impact of the gut bacterial microbiome on immunity to infection, we suggest that enteric helminths, as a part of the eukaryotic macrobiome, also represent an important modulator of disease pathogenesis and severity following virus infection.
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