Self-improvement for team-players: the effects of individual effort on aggregated group information.
Self-improvement for team-players: the effects of individual effort on aggregated group information.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0011705
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发表时间：
2010-07-21
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Rands SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rands SA
通过在觅食或扫描捕食者等行为上付出努力，动物可以提高其关于环境的个人信息的正确性。对于群居的动物，如果个体能够从其他群体成员那里评估关于环境的公共信息，它可以获得进一步的信息。早期的工作表明，如果一个群体中的每个人都有固定的正确概率，那么基于群体内可用公共信息的共识群体决策比仅基于个人信息的决策更有可能是正确的。这项研究开发了一个模型，在这个模型中，团队成员能够通过进行一定程度的(代价高昂的)努力来提高他们做出正确决定的个人可能性。我证明了群体中的所有个体都有一个进化稳定的努力水平，个人所做的努力应该随着群体规模的增加而减少。讨论了这些结果与社会决策的相关性：尤其是，这些结果类似于标准的理论预测，即随着群体规模的增加，个人表现出的警戒量会减少。然而，这个模型表明，这些结果可能出现在个人在团队内协调他们的努力的地方(不像标准模型，它假设所有个人的努力都独立于其他人的行动)。这与实验结果相一致，在这些实验中，个人被证明可以监督他人的努力。
By putting effort into behaviours like foraging or scanning for predators, an animal can improve the correctness of its personal information about the environment. For animals living in groups, the individual can gain further information if it is able to assess public information about the environment from other group members. Earlier work has shown that consensus group decisions based upon the public information available within the group are more likely to be correct than decisions based upon personal information alone, given that each individual in a group has a fixed probability of being correct. This study develops a model where group members are able to improve their personal likelihood of making a correct decision by conducting some level of (costly) effort. I demonstrate that there is an evolutionarily stable level of effort for all the individuals within the group, and the effort made by an individual should decrease with increasing group size. The relevance of these results to social decision making is discussed: in particular, these results are similar to standard theoretical predictions about the amount of vigilance shown by individuals decreasing with increasing group size. However, this model suggests that these results could come about where individuals are coordinating their effort within the group (unlike standard models, which assume that all individual effort is independent of the actions of others). This ties in with experimental findings where individuals have been shown to monitor the efforts of others.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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