Small GTPases and phosphoinositides in the regulatory mechanisms of macropinosome formation and maturation.

Small GTPases and phosphoinositides in the regulatory mechanisms of macropinosome formation and maturation.
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DOI:
10.3389/fphys.2014.00374
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Araki N
Araki N
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Egami Y;Taguchi T;Maekawa M;Arai H;Araki N

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巨胞饮体的形成需要许多信号通路的顺序激活,这些信号通路协调肌动蛋白驱动的质膜突起(皱褶)和圆形皱褶(巨胞饮杯)的形成,然后这些巨胞饮杯闭合成巨胞饮体。在巨胞饮小体形成过程中,PI(4,5)P2和PI(3,4,5)P3等磷酸肌醇的局部产生,通过募集和激活多种肌动蛋白相关蛋白,在时空上协调肌动蛋白的聚合和重排。此外,顺序激活的小GTP酶,这是已知的肌动蛋白细胞骨架的主调节器,发挥了关键作用,平行于磷酸肌醇。为了完成巨胞饮体形成,磷酸肌醇分解和Rho GT3失活必须在适当的时间发生。在新生的大胞饮体形成后,磷酸肌醇和几种Rab GTP酶通过调节囊泡运输和膜融合来控制大胞饮体的成熟。在这篇综述中,我们总结了最近的进展,我们了解的关键功能的磷酸肌醇代谢和小GTP酶与其下游效应在巨胞饮。
Macropinosome formation requires the sequential activation of numerous signaling pathways that coordinate the actin-driven formation of plasma membrane protrusions (ruffles) and circular ruffles (macropinocytic cups), followed by the closure of these macropinocytic cups into macropinosomes. In the process of macropinosome formation, localized productions of phosphoinositides such as PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 spatiotemporally orchestrate actin polymerization and rearrangement through recruiting and activating a variety of actin-associated proteins. In addition, the sequential activation of small GTPases, which are known to be master regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, plays a pivotal role in parallel with phosphoinositides. To complete macropinosome formation, phosphoinositide breakdown and Rho GTPase deactivation must occur in appropriate timings. After the nascent macropinosomes are formed, phosphoinositides and several Rab GTPases control macropinosome maturation by regulating vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the critical functions of phosphoinositide metabolism and small GTPases in association with their downstream effectors in macropinocytosis.
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