Illicit use of methadone and buprenorphine among adolescents and young adults in Sweden.
Illicit use of methadone and buprenorphine among adolescents and young adults in Sweden.
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DOI：
10.1186/1477-7517-10-27
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发表时间：
2013-10-18
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Johnson B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richert T;Johnson B
近年来，非法使用美沙酮和丁丙诺啡在瑞典被描述为一个日益严重的问题，并与与毒品有关的死亡率上升有关。批评人士称，这些物质在青少年中很受欢迎，它们是吸食海洛因的门户。这项研究的目的是，首先调查瑞典青少年和年轻人中非法使用美沙酮和丁丙诺啡的程度，其次调查这些物质往往出现在吸毒者的吸毒生涯的哪个阶段。这项研究的基础是对不同群体的年轻人进行的关于吸毒问题的调查和有组织的访谈，以及对86名以专业身份遇到使用非法药物的青少年或青壮年的举报人的定性访谈。在瑞典的年轻人中，非法使用美沙酮和丁丙诺啡的情况很少。根据高中调查，只有不到0.1%的人尝试过这些物质。一般来说，在年轻吸毒者中，很少有人尝试过这些物质，也没有任何迹象表明它们是入门毒品。然而，在有严重毒品问题的青少年和年轻人中，非法使用美沙酮和丁丙诺啡更为常见(在强制护理样本中占54%)。这些物质通常进入毒品行业的时间较晚，很少有人将它们作为主要药物的选择。其他处方药，如苯二氮卓类和曲马多，青少年使用的程度要大得多。接受采访的专业人士认为，美沙酮和丁丙诺啡的转移和非法使用并不是一个严重的问题。一种普遍的观点是，这些物质主要由有海洛因或多药成瘾的人使用，通常是出于“自我用药”的目的。然而，一些线人表示担心，美沙酮和丁丙诺啡可能会在没有阿片类药物耐受性的年轻吸毒者中造成死亡。在瑞典，年轻吸毒者中非法使用美沙酮和丁丙诺啡的问题并不普遍。减少危害的措施应针对问题更严重的吸毒者，其中非法使用美沙酮和丁丙诺啡更为常见，并构成医疗风险。非法使用其他处方药是一个需要进一步研究的重要问题，因为年轻人对这些处方药的控制较少，使用范围更广。
Illicit use of methadone and buprenorphine has been described as a growing problem in Sweden in recent years, and has been associated with an increased drug-related mortality. Critics claim that the substances have become popular among adolescents and that they function as a gateway to heroin use. The aim of this study is to investigate, firstly, the extent to which illicit use of methadone and buprenorphine occurs among adolescents and young adults in Sweden, and secondly, at what stage in a user’s drug career these substances tend to appear. The study is based on surveys and structured interviews on drug use among various populations of young people, in addition to qualitative interviews with 86 informants who, in their professional capacity, encounter adolescents or young adults who are using illicit drugs. Illicit use of methadone and buprenorphine is rare among young people in Sweden. According to high school surveys, less than 0.1% have tried these substances. Among young drug users in general, few have tried the substances, and there is nothing to indicate that they act as gateway drugs. Among adolescents and young adults with severe drug problems, however, the illicit use of methadone and buprenorphine is more common (54% in a compulsory care sample). These substances normally enter the drug career late, and few use them as their main drug of choice. Other prescription drugs, like benzodiazepines and tramadol, are used by adolescents to a far greater extent. Diversion and illicit use of methadone and buprenorphine is not seen as a serious problem by the professionals interviewed. A general view is that the substances are mainly used by people with a heroin or polydrug addiction, often for “self-medication” purposes. However, several informants express concern that methadone and buprenorphine may cause fatalities among young drug users without an opioid tolerance. Illicit use of methadone and buprenorphine among young drug users is not a widespread problem in Sweden. Harm-reduction measures should target drug users with more severe problems, among whom illicit use of methadone and buprenorphine is more common and pose a medical risk. Illicit use of other prescription drugs, which are less controlled and more widely used by young people, is an important issue for further research.
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影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Degenhardt, L.;Chiu, W. T.;Kessler, R. C.
通讯作者：
Kessler, R. C.
DOI：
10.1080/00332747.1975.11023866
发表时间：
1975-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
AGAR, MH;STEPHENS, RC
通讯作者：
STEPHENS, RC
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Hakansson, A.;Medvedeo, A.;Berglund, M.
通讯作者：
Berglund, M.
DOI：
10.15288/jsa.1992.53.447
发表时间：
1992-09-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL
影响因子：
--
作者：
KANDEL, DB;YAMAGUCHI, K;CHEN, K
通讯作者：
CHEN, K
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Mitchell, Shannon Gwin;Kelly, Sharon M.;Schwartz, Robert P.
通讯作者：
Schwartz, Robert P.