Mapping ecosystem service value in Germany

ABSTRACT Currently, a national TEEB study is being conducted in Germany. However, it lacks an overall estimation of ecosystem service value (ESV) at the national level. In this paper, we estimate the ESV in Germany based on the national land cover data and the unit value transfer method and examine the relationships between ESV and gross domestic product (GDP). The results indicate that the total ESV amounts to 248,895 million US$/yr, accounting for 7.91% of the sum of ESV and GDP. Cropland with 111,704 million US$/yr makes the largest contribution to the total ESV, and the second largest state, Lower Saxony, has the greatest ESV of 60,346 million US$/yr. In addition, a spatial pattern that distinguishes four regions in terms of the relationship between ESV and GDP at the district level is identified. This study illustrates the overall status of ecosystem services at the current point of time in Germany, raises public awareness about the magnitude of these services relative to other services captured in GDP, and implies suggestions for future research and ecological policy.

摘要：目前，德国正在进行一项国家生态系统和生物多样性经济学（TEEB）研究。然而，该研究缺乏对国家层面生态系统服务价值（ESV）的总体估算。在本文中，我们基于国家土地覆盖数据和单位价值转移法估算了德国的生态系统服务价值，并研究了生态系统服务价值与国内生产总值（GDP）之间的关系。结果表明，生态系统服务价值总计为每年2488.95亿美元，占生态系统服务价值与国内生产总值总和的7.91%。耕地以每年1117.04亿美元对生态系统服务总价值贡献最大，下萨克森州以每年603.46亿美元的生态系统服务价值位居第二。此外，还确定了一种在地区层面根据生态系统服务价值与国内生产总值之间的关系区分四个区域的空间格局。这项研究阐明了德国当前生态系统服务的总体状况，提高了公众对这些服务相对于国内生产总值所涵盖的其他服务的重要性的认识，并为未来的研究和生态政策提出了建议。