Colour change of twig-mimicking peppered moth larvae is a continuous reaction norm that increases camouflage against avian predators.
Colour change of twig-mimicking peppered moth larvae is a continuous reaction norm that increases camouflage against avian predators.
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作者：
Eacock A;Rowland HM;Edmonds N;Saccheri IJ
伪装，特别是背景匹配，是自然界中最常见的反捕食者策略之一。动物可以通过背景选择和/或塑料颜色变化来改善它们与周围环境的颜色/图案的匹配。颜色的变化可能很快（几秒钟），也可能很慢，需要几个小时到几天。许多研究已经探索了快速颜色变化背后的线索和机制，但在捕食的背景下，关于缓慢颜色变化的信息相当缺乏：启动它的线索，以及产生的表型的范围。在这里，我们表明，胡椒蛾（桦）幼虫的颜色和亮度的树枝，他们休息，并表现出连续的反应规范的表型。当提出了一个异质环境的混合树枝的颜色，个别幼虫专门crypsis对一种颜色，而不是开发一个中间的颜色。灵活的颜色变化，在这个物种可能已经演变与风的传播和多食性，这导致毛毛虫解决和喂养在不同的视觉环境。这是第一个例子的视觉诱导缓慢的颜色变化鳞翅目，已客观量化和测量的自然捕食者的视觉角度。
Camouflage, and in particular background-matching, is one of the most common anti-predator strategies observed in nature. Animals can improve their match to the colour/pattern of their surroundings through background selection, and/or by plastic colour change. Colour change can occur rapidly (a few seconds), or it may be slow, taking hours to days. Many studies have explored the cues and mechanisms behind rapid colour change, but there is a considerable lack of information about slow colour change in the context of predation: the cues that initiate it, and the range of phenotypes that are produced. Here we show that peppered moth (Biston betularia) larvae respond to colour and luminance of the twigs they rest on, and exhibit a continuous reaction norm of phenotypes. When presented with a heterogeneous environment of mixed twig colours, individual larvae specialise crypsis towards one colour rather than developing an intermediate colour. Flexible colour change in this species has likely evolved in association with wind dispersal and polyphagy, which result in caterpillars settling and feeding in a diverse range of visual environments. This is the first example of visually induced slow colour change in Lepidoptera that has been objectively quantified and measured from the visual perspective of natural predators.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
de Bruyn, Rolena A. J.;Gosselin, Louis A.
通讯作者：
Gosselin, Louis A.
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
GOODWIN, TW
通讯作者：
GOODWIN, TW
DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1989.tb01904.x
发表时间：
1989-07-01
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
GRAYSON, J;EDMUNDS, M
通讯作者：
EDMUNDS, M
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Allen, Justine J.;Akkaynak, Derya;Hanlon, Roger T.
通讯作者：
Hanlon, Roger T.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Brakefield, PM;Kesbeke, F;Koch, PB
通讯作者：
Koch, PB