Biological normalcy

Biological normalcy
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生物正常状态

DOI:
10.1093/emph/eoz035
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
and Public Health
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Cullin, Jennifer M
Cullin, Jennifer M
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wiley, Andrea S;Cullin, Jennifer M

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“生物常态”是指生物特征的统计分布(集中趋势和方差的度量)与关于身体“应该”是什么样子或什么构成“正常”身体的规范观点之间的关系[1](图1)。统计标准没有明确的评估权重,但它们可以帮助判断什么是“正常”或“异常”。当临床医生来自具有共同性状的人群时,这可能会塑造他们“正常”人类生物学的文化模型,特别是如果他们缺乏对人类变异范围的知识或经验。“种族生物中心主义”指的是针对不同形式的人类生物学的文化偏见[2],可能导致将可能具有适应性的性状变异病态化。由于歧视和随后的不良健康结果,这种偏见可能会导致人群中该特征的频率发生变化。模式化的人类生物变异可能源于人群在其独特的进化历史或当前暴露于不同的社会生态条件下经历不同的选择力;因此,应在其祖先或当前环境背景下考虑特征。
‘Biological normalcy’refers to relationships between statistical distributions of biological traits (measures of central tendency and variance) and normative views about what bodies ‘should’be like or what constitutes a ‘normal’body [1](Fig. 1). Statistical norms carry no explicit evaluative weight, but they may inform judgements about what is ‘normal’or ‘abnormal’. When clinicans come from populations in which a trait is common, this may shape their cultural models of ‘normal’human biology, especially if they lack knowledge or experience of the range of human variation.‘Ethno-biocentrism’, which refers to cultural biases against different forms of human biology [2], can lead to pathologizing trait variants that may be adaptive. Such biases may contribute to changes in the trait’s frequency in a population due to discrimination and subsequent poor health outcomes. Patterned human biological variation may stem from populations experiencing different selective forces over their unique evolutionary histories or current exposures to different socio-ecological conditions; thus traits should be considered within their ancestral or current environmental context.
重新想象牛奶
DOI: --
发表时间: 2011
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
A. Wiley
通讯作者: A. Wiley