Prediction of ozone levels using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) with Gamma distribution

Prediction of ozone levels using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) with Gamma distribution
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使用具有伽马分布的隐马尔可夫模型 (HMM) 预测臭氧水平

DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.08.008
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发表时间:
2012-12
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Wei sun
Wei sun
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hao Zhang;Weidong Zhang;Ahmet Palazoglu;Wei sun

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臭氧是由氮氧化物和挥发性碳氢化合物之间的光化学反应产生的,对人类和环境有害。预测和预报在控制和减少地表臭氧的调控政策中起着重要作用。隐马尔可夫模型(hmm)属于模型驱动的统计模型,具有丰富的数学结构,在许多应用中都有很好的应用。传统HMM应用假设观测统计量为高斯分布,但一些关键气象因子和大多数臭氧前体呈现非高斯分布,这将削弱传统HMM模拟臭氧超标的性能。我们提出了一种基于Gamma分布HMM (HMM-Gamma)的方法,根据每个监测日的最大8小时平均臭氧浓度预先标记,并将监测日进一步分组为不同臭氧水平的区域。然后,使用空气质量监测数据训练与每个区域相关的hmm,其中模型参数由改进的期望最大化(EM)算法估计。对于呈现Gamma分布的观测序列,我们导出了一个新的模型参数重估计公式。经过训练的HMM- gamma模型用于预测两个地理区域的臭氧超标情况,即加利福尼亚州旧金山附近的利弗莫尔谷和德克萨斯州的休斯顿大都会区。与传统的HMM (HMM-高斯)相比,利弗莫尔谷地面臭氧的HMM- gamma模型可以减少77%的误报,休斯敦大都会区的HMM- gamma模型可以减少32%的误报。
Ground level ozone, generated by the photochemical reaction between nitrogen oxides and volatile hydrocarbons, is harmful to humans and the environment. Prediction and forecasting play an important role in the regulatory policies aimed at the control and reduction of surface ozone. Belonging to the family of model-driven statistical models, Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) provide a rich mathematical structure and perform well in many applications. While conventional HMM applications assume Gaussian distribution for the observation statistics, several key meteorological factors and most ozone precursors exhibit a non-Gaussian distribution, which would weaken the performance of a conventional HMM in modeling ozone exceedances. We propose a method based on a HMM with a Gamma distribution (HMM-Gamma) where each monitoring day is pre-labeled according to its maximum 8-h average ozone concentration and monitoring days are further grouped into zones with different ozone levels. Then, HMMs associated with each zone are trained using air quality monitoring data where the model parameters are estimated by a modified Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm. We derive a new re-estimation formula for the model parameters for observation sequences that exhibit a Gamma distribution. The trained HMM-Gamma models are used to predict ozone exceedances in two geographic areas, Livermore Valley near San Francisco, CA and Houston Metropolitan Area, TX. Compared to the conventional HMM (HMM-Gaussian), HMM-Gamma for the ground level ozone in Livermore Valley can reduce false alarms by 77% and HMM-Gamma for that in Houston Metropolitan Area can reduce false alarms by 32%.
DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-55870-5_1
发表时间: 2016
期刊: --
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影响因子: 2.5
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