Calderas collapse as magma flows into rifts
Calderas collapse as magma flows into rifts
复制标题
当岩浆流入裂谷时，火山口崩塌
DOI：
10.1126/science.aaz7126
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
F. Sigmundsson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Sigmundsson
最近的破火山口坍塌显示了遥远的火山裂谷带的重要性火山的主要岩浆排水导致火山大厦的坍塌，形成了宽达数公里、深达数百米的破火山口。许多破火山口是在重大爆炸性喷发期间形成的，当时岩浆从束缚破火山口的环形断层上的裂缝中喷发出来。然而，最近的火山口形成事件在2018年（1）在夏威夷的Kallauea火山和2014-2015年（2）在冰岛的Bárarbunga由不同的机制形成。这两次事件都是火山口的逐渐坍塌，发生在岩浆长距离流入远离火山山顶的裂缝时。火山口环断层与崩溃只开始移动后，一个主要的岩浆撤回到裂谷带。
Recent caldera collapses show the importance of distant volcanic rift zones Major magma drainage from volcanoes causes the collapse of volcanic edifices, forming calderas that can be both many kilometers wide and hundreds of meters deep. Many calderas form during major explosive eruptions, when magma erupts from fractures on ring faults that bound calderas. However, the most recent caldera-forming events at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'ei, in 2018 (1) and at Bárðarbunga, Iceland, in 2014–2015 (2) formed by a different mechanism. Both events were gradual caldera collapses that occurred as magma flowed over long distances into rifts far away from volcano summits. The caldera ring faults associated with collapse only began to move after a major magma withdrawal into a rift zone.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Gansecki, Cheryl;Lee, R. Lopaka;Parcheta, Carolyn
通讯作者：
Parcheta, Carolyn