Path-Dependent UK Bioenergy

Path-Dependent UK Bioenergy
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路径依赖的英国生物能源

DOI:
10.1080/09505431.2013.786993
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Levidow L
Levidow L
中科院分区:
人文科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Levidow L

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可再生能源的崛起在其手段和目的上引发了紧张关系。民间社会团体一直在推动能源生产的分散化,加强社区对资源的控制和公平获取(Abramsky, 2010)。由于风能、太阳能、生物质能等资源的空间分布,可再生能源被视为一个特殊的机遇。作为对这些建议的回应,一些政府和地方当局将能源分散与可再生能源联系起来,特别是在斯堪的纳维亚半岛(例如van der Vleuten和Raven, 2006)。在过去十年中,英国许多有关脱碳的政策文件中也出现了类似的愿景。这些政策旨在通过包括生物能源在内的可再生能源加强社区参与和减少温室气体排放(Levidow和Papaioannou, 2012)。作为可再生能源的一种形式,生物能源被广泛地定义为不同于化石有机物质的生物质来源,例如农作物或食物垃圾。生物能源生产在很大程度上取决于传统工艺和/或从被批评为环境上不可持续的来源进口的生物质。根据一项专家研究,过度增加生物质进口“在缺乏补偿性技术发展或确定额外资源的情况下,可能会产生适得其反的可持续性影响”(Thornley等人,2009年,第5623页)。考虑到这些问题,
The rise of renewable energy has generated tensions over its means and ends. Civil society groups have been promoting decentralisation of energy production, greater community control over resources and equitable access (Abramsky, 2010). Renewable energy has been seen as a special opportunity due its spatially distributed sources, for example, wind, sun, biomass, etc. In response to such proposals, energy decentralisation has been linked with renewable energy sources by some governments and local authorities, especially in Scandinavia (eg van der Vleuten and Raven, 2006). A similar vision also has appeared in many UK policy documents on decarbonisation over the past decade. Together these policies aim to enhance community involvement and GHG savings through renewable energy, including bioenergy (Levidow and Papaioannou, 2012).As a form of renewable energy, bioenergy has been defined broadly according to its various biomass sources, for example, crops or food waste—as distinct from fossilised organic matter. Bioenergy production largely depends on traditional processes and/or biomass imports from sources which have been criticised as environmentally unsustainable. Excessive increases in biomass imports ‘could have counterproductive sustainability impacts in the absence of compensating technology developments or identification of additional resources’, according to an expert study (Thornley et al., 2009, p. 5623). Accommodating such concerns,
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