Evidence against the "anomalous-is-bad" stereotype in Hadza hunter gatherers.

Evidence against the "anomalous-is-bad" stereotype in Hadza hunter gatherers.
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反对Hadza Hunter收集者的“异常 - bad”刻板印象的证据。

DOI:
10.1038/s41598-022-12440-w
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发表时间:
2022-05-24
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
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--
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人们有一种“异常就是坏”的刻板印象,因此他们会对患有疤痕等颅面部异常的人的道德品质做出负面推断。这种刻板印象被认为是避免病原体的适应的副产品。然而,“异常就是不好”这一刻板印象的证据来自对欧洲和北美人群的研究。副产品假设将预测刻板印象的普遍性。我们向 10 个营地中的 123 名哈扎人展示了一对经过变形的哈扎人面孔——每张面孔都经过改造,包括一道疤痕——并询问他们期望谁更有道德、更善于采集食物。与其他文化接触很少的哈扎人偶然选择了这两个问题。然而,哈扎更多地接触了其他文化,认为伤痕累累的面孔不那么道德,而是一个更好的采集者。这些结果表明,“异常就是坏事”的刻板印象可能是文化上共有的,或者是通过与人口水平差异的关联而错误地习得的,这为反对普遍病原体回避副产品假说提供了证据。
People have an “anomalous-is-bad” stereotype whereby they make negative inferences about the moral character of people with craniofacial anomalies like scars. This stereotype is hypothesized to be a byproduct of adaptations for avoiding pathogens. However, evidence for the anomalous-is-bad stereotype comes from studies of European and North American populations; the byproduct hypothesis would predict universality of the stereotype. We presented 123 Hadza across ten camps pairs of morphed Hadza faces—each with one face altered to include a scar—and asked who they expected to be more moral and a better forager. Hadza with minimal exposure to other cultures chose at chance for both questions. Hadza with greater exposure to other cultures, however, expected the scarred face to be less moral and a better forager. These results suggest the anomalous-is-bad stereotype may be culturally shared or learned erroneously through associations with population-level differences, providing evidence against a universal pathogen avoidance byproduct hypothesis.
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