Enhanced mechanical transparency during practice impedes open-loop control of a complex tool
Enhanced mechanical transparency during practice impedes open-loop control of a complex tool
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练习期间增强的机械透明度阻碍了复杂工具的开环控制
DOI：
10.1007/s00221-012-3011-1
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发表时间：
--
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Sülzenbrück
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sülzenbrück
我们研究了在实践中增强机械透明度对闭环性能以及杠杆视觉运动转换的内部表示的获取的影响。三组参与者通过移动一个滑动的双面杠杆的力臂来控制显示器上的光标。机械透明度的水平是通过改变参与者使用的工具的概念知识量以及通过显示器上工具的有效部分的可视化来操纵的。对于组cursor-和cursor+，仅显示代表杠杆负载臂尖端的光标，而组轴在监视器上额外显示负载臂。光标组在工具的概念知识上有所不同，只有光标+组被告知他们正在控制双面杠杆。由于杠杆臂的可见性而增强的机械透明度，在同时提供视觉反馈时，在更快和更直的运动方面提高了性能，因此闭环控制是可能的。与此相反，在实践中增强机械透明度的视觉运动转换的内部表示的准确性的不利影响进行了观察。在没有视觉反馈的测试中评估开环控制时，先前用可见杠杆臂练习工具转换的参与者比仅用光标练习的参与者表现出更大的终点误差。这些研究结果支持的概念，即增强机械透明度的工具是一种类型的环境支持，提高闭环性能，但阻碍开环性能，最有可能作为一种替代品的内部表示。当实践条件有利于闭环控制，一个新的视觉运动转换的准确的内部表示的收购似乎受到阻碍。
We investigated the impact of enhanced mechanical transparency during practice on closed-loop performance as well as on the acquisition of an internal representation of the visuo-motor transformation of a lever. Three groups of participants controlled a cursor on a monitor by moving the effort arm of a sliding two-sided lever. The level of mechanical transparency was manipulated by varying the amount of conceptual knowledge about the tool the participants were using as well as by the visualization of the effective part of the tool on the monitor. While for groups cursor− and cursor+ only a cursor representing the tip of the load arm of the lever was visible, group shaft was additionally provided with a representation of the load arm on the monitor. The cursor groups differed in conceptual knowledge about the tool, with only group cursor+ being informed that they were controlling a two-sided lever. Enhanced mechanical transparency, resulting from the visibility of the lever arm, boosted performance in terms of faster and straighter movements when concurrent visual feedback was available, and therefore closed-loop control was possible. In contrast, a detrimental effect of enhanced mechanical transparency during practice on the accuracy of the internal representation of the visuo-motor transformation was observed. When assessing open-loop control in test trials without visual feedback, participants who had previously practiced the tool transformation with the visible lever arm showed larger end point errors than those who had practiced with the cursor only. These findings support the notion that enhanced mechanical transparency of a tool is a type of environmental support which boosts closed-loop performance, but impedes open-loop performance, most likely by serving as a substitute for an internal representation. When practice conditions facilitate closed-loop control, the acquisition of an accurate internal representation of a novel visuo-motor transformation seems to be hampered.
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
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影响因子：
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