CRISPR-Cas systems for editing, regulating and targeting genomes.

CRISPR-Cas systems for editing, regulating and targeting genomes.
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DOI:
10.1038/nbt.2842
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发表时间:
2014-04
影响因子:
46.9
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
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--
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使用工程化核酸酶的靶向基因组编辑已迅速从利基技术转变为许多生物研究人员使用的主流方法。这种广泛的采用在很大程度上是由于成簇的规则间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)技术的出现,这是一种重要的新平台,用于产生具有可定制特异性的RNA引导的核酸酶(RGN),如Cas9。RGN介导的基因组编辑是容易的,快速的,并且已经使得能够在各种生物医学上重要的细胞类型和传统上具有遗传操纵挑战性的新型生物体中有效地修饰内源基因。此外,已经开发了CRISPR-Cas9系统的修改版本以募集可以调节内源基因表达或标记活细胞中的特定基因组基因座的异源结构域。尽管CRISPR-Cas9系统的全基因组特异性仍有待充分定义,但这些系统对基因组序列和基因表达进行靶向、高效改变的能力无疑将改变生物学研究,并刺激人类疾病新型分子治疗方法的发展。
Targeted genome editing using engineered nucleases has rapidly transformed from a niche technology to a mainstream method used by many biological researchers. This widespread adoption has been largely fueled by the emergence of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology, an important new platform for generating RNA-guided nucleases (RGNs), such as Cas9, with customizable specificities. RGN-mediated genome editing is facile, rapid and has enabled the efficient modification of endogenous genes in a wide variety of biomedically important cell types and novel organisms that have traditionally been challenging to manipulate genetically. Furthermore, a modified version of the CRISPR-Cas9 system has been developed to recruit heterologous domains that can regulate endogenous gene expression or label specific genomic loci in living cells. Although the genome-wide specificities of CRISPR-Cas9 systems remain to be fully defined, the capabilities of these systems to perform targeted, highly efficient alterations of genome sequence and gene expression will undoubtedly transform biological research and spur the development of novel molecular therapeutics for human disease.
DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2808
发表时间: 2014-03
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