Telomere dynamics and fusion of critically shortened telomeres in plants lacking DNA ligase IV.

Telomere dynamics and fusion of critically shortened telomeres in plants lacking DNA ligase IV.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkm472
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发表时间:
2007
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Shippen DE
Shippen DE
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heacock ML;Idol RA;Friesner JD;Britt AB;Shippen DE

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在没有端粒酶的情况下,端粒会逐渐缩短,并最终通过非同源末端连接(NHEJ)双链断裂修复途径招募到端到端染色体融合中。此前,我们表明,在 NHEJ 的关键组成部分 KU70 存在或不存在的情况下,拟南芥中严重缩短的端粒融合以大致相同的效率进行。在这里,我们报告 DNA 连接酶 IV (LIG4) 对于端粒连接也不是必需的。我们观察到,与 tert ku70 或 tert 相比,三重 tert ku70 lig4 突变体的染色体融合频率仅略有下降(3 倍)。序列分析表明,相对于tert ku70,tert ku70 lig4突变体中的染色体融合连接点含有较少的微同源性和端粒DNA。这些发现表明,KU-LIG4 独立的末端连接途径效率较低,并且在机制上与 KU 独立的 NHEJ 不同。引人注目的是,在我们测试的所有遗传背景中,当群体中最短的端粒达到约 1 kb 时,染色体融合就会启动,这意味着这个大小代表了一个预示着有害结构转变的关键阈值。这些数据揭示了端粒稳定性的短暂性,以及端粒功能障碍引起的 DNA 修复机制的稳健性和灵活性。
In the absence of the telomerase, telomeres undergo progressive shortening and are ultimately recruited into end-to-end chromosome fusions via the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) double-strand break repair pathway. Previously, we showed that fusion of critically shortened telomeres in Arabidopsis proceeds with approximately the same efficiency in the presence or absence of KU70, a key component of NHEJ. Here we report that DNA ligase IV (LIG4) is also not essential for telomere joining. We observed only a modest decrease (3-fold) in the frequency of chromosome fusions in triple tert ku70 lig4 mutants versus tert ku70 or tert. Sequence analysis revealed that, relative to tert ku70, chromosome fusion junctions in tert ku70 lig4 mutants contained less microhomology and less telomeric DNA. These findings argue that the KU-LIG4 independent end-joining pathway is less efficient and mechanistically distinct from KU-independent NHEJ. Strikingly, in all the genetic backgrounds we tested, chromosome fusions are initiated when the shortest telomere in the population reaches ∼1 kb, implying that this size represents a critical threshold that heralds a detrimental structural transition. These data reveal the transitory nature of telomere stability, and the robust and flexible nature of DNA repair mechanisms elicited by telomere dysfunction.
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