20(th) century cooling of the deep ocean contributed to delayed acceleration of Earth's energy imbalance.

20(th) century cooling of the deep ocean contributed to delayed acceleration of Earth's energy imbalance.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-021-24472-3
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发表时间:
2021-07-29
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
DeVries T
DeVries T
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bagnell A;DeVries T

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地球能量不平衡的历史演变可以通过全球海洋热含量的变化来量化。然而,由于对 2000 米以下海洋温度的观测很少,海洋热含量的历史重建往往忽略了大部分深海。在这里,我们使用自回归人工神经网络根据插值的地下温度数据对全深度海洋热含量的历史变化进行了全球重建,并提供了 1946-2019 年期间海洋总变暖的估计。我们发现,深海的冷却和上层海洋的少量热量增益导致1960年至1990年期间全球海洋热含量没有出现强劲趋势,这意味着在20世纪后半叶的大部分时间里,地球能量收支大致平衡在-0.16至0.06 W m−2之间。然而,近三十年来,海洋变暖速度急剧加快,整个海洋从上到下变暖的速度为0.63 ± 0.13 W m−2。这些结果表明,相对于之前的估计,地球能量正失衡的出现有所延迟,尽管仍然存在很大的不确定性。 20世纪后期的大部分时间里,2000米以下全球海洋的降温抵消了浅海变暖的部分影响。作者在此表明,这一趋势已转向变暖,导致深海在 21 世纪吸收了海洋总热量的很大一部分。
The historical evolution of Earth’s energy imbalance can be quantified by changes in the global ocean heat content. However, historical reconstructions of ocean heat content often neglect a large volume of the deep ocean, due to sparse observations of ocean temperatures below 2000 m. Here, we provide a global reconstruction of historical changes in full-depth ocean heat content based on interpolated subsurface temperature data using an autoregressive artificial neural network, providing estimates of total ocean warming for the period 1946-2019. We find that cooling of the deep ocean and a small heat gain in the upper ocean led to no robust trend in global ocean heat content from 1960-1990, implying a roughly balanced Earth energy budget within −0.16 to 0.06 W m−2 over most of the latter half of the 20th century. However, the past three decades have seen a rapid acceleration in ocean warming, with the entire ocean warming from top to bottom at a rate of 0.63 ± 0.13 W m−2. These results suggest a delayed onset of a positive Earth energy imbalance relative to previous estimates, although large uncertainties remain. Cooling of the global ocean below 2000 m counteracted some of the warming of the shallow ocean over much of the late 20th century. Here the authors show that this trend has shifted to warming, leading the deep ocean to absorb a meaningful fraction of total ocean heat during the 21st century.
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