Distinct chemotactic behavior in the original Escherichia coli K-12 depending on forward-and-backward swimming, not on run-tumble movements.
Distinct chemotactic behavior in the original Escherichia coli K-12 depending on forward-and-backward swimming, not on run-tumble movements.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-72429-1
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发表时间：
2020-09-28
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Sowa Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kinosita Y;Ishida T;Yoshida M;Ito R;Morimoto YV;Goto K;Berry RM;Nishizaka T;Sowa Y
大多数能动的细菌由刚性的螺旋形鞭毛推进，并显示出独特的游泳模式以探索其有利的环境。大肠杆菌细胞在每根细丝的底部有一个可逆的旋转马达。它们表现出一个运行翻滚游泳模式，驱动的旋转方向的切换，这会导致多态鞭毛转化。在这里，我们报道了E. coliATCC 10798，该克隆是K-12的原始克隆之一。单个ATCC 10798细胞的高速跟踪显示向前和向后游泳，平均转向角为150°。鞭毛的螺旋度仍然是右旋的，螺距为1.3 μm，螺旋半径为0.14 μm，这与卷曲型的特征一致，无论马达切换如何; ATCC 10798的鞭毛没有表现出多态性转化。电机的转矩和旋转切换与E. coliW 3110菌株，该菌株是K-12的衍生物，具有趋化性的野生型。鞭毛亚基之一FliC的N87 K单点突变对鞭毛形态和游动方式的改变至关重要，缺乏鞭毛多态性。E.表达FliC（N87 K）的大肠杆菌细胞在液体中感受到趋化梯度的上升，但在半固体表面上不扩散。基于这些结果，我们得出结论，鞭毛多态性是必不可少的结构化环境中的传播。
Most motile bacteria are propelled by rigid, helical, flagellar filaments and display distinct swimming patterns to explore their favorable environments. Escherichia coli cells have a reversible rotary motor at the base of each filament. They exhibit a run-tumble swimming pattern, driven by switching of the rotational direction, which causes polymorphic flagellar transformation. Here we report a novel swimming mode in E. coli ATCC10798, which is one of the original K-12 clones. High-speed tracking of single ATCC10798 cells showed forward and backward swimming with an average turning angle of 150°. The flagellar helicity remained right-handed with a 1.3 μm pitch and 0.14 μm helix radius, which is consistent with the feature of a curly type, regardless of motor switching; the flagella of ATCC10798 did not show polymorphic transformation. The torque and rotational switching of the motor was almost identical to the E. coli W3110 strain, which is a derivative of K-12 and a wild-type for chemotaxis. The single point mutation of N87K in FliC, one of the filament subunits, is critical to the change in flagellar morphology and swimming pattern, and lack of flagellar polymorphism. E. coli cells expressing FliC(N87K) sensed ascending a chemotactic gradient in liquid but did not spread on a semi-solid surface. Based on these results, we concluded that a flagellar polymorphism is essential for spreading in structured environments.
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