Do clean energy trade duties generate employment benefits?
Do clean energy trade duties generate employment benefits?
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清洁能源贸易关税能带来就业效益吗？
DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2022.112104
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
George, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sharma, A.;Surana, K.;George, M.
可再生能源（RE）贸易争端一直在上升，以应对某些绿色产业政策，即，用于发展国内可再生能源工业和积累相关的地方经济利益的政策机制。自2011年以来，各国越来越多地提起贸易诉讼，以反对其贸易伙伴采用绿色产业政策，从而扩大可再生能源产业的竞争力，并在本国增加相关的制造业就业机会。然而，由于缺乏对可再生能源贸易税影响的系统研究，可再生能源贸易税在实现这些经济目标方面取得成功的证据仍然有限。在本文中，可再生能源贸易税在支持就业，特别是在制造业的有效性进行了评估。首先，回顾了有关可再生能源贸易关税背后动机的文献，然后研究了2011年至2019年美国对从中国进口的太阳能和风能组件征收贸易关税的案例。尽管有几个因素可能会推动就业，但没有发现任何证据表明在征收贸易关税后的几年里太阳能和风能制造业的就业岗位有所增加。与此同时，安装、运营和维护方面的下游工作岗位继续增长，这与美国太阳能和风能年装机容量的增长相对应。这些都是由政策激励以及太阳能和风能技术成本下降推动的。总的来说，这一案例研究突出了一个更广泛的含义，即贸易关税本身不太可能促进当地制造业，各国将受益于其他精心设计的政策。
Renewable energy (RE) trade disputes have been rising in response to certain green industrial policies, i.e., policy mechanisms used to develop domestic RE industries and accrue associated local economic benefits. Since 2011, countries have been increasingly filing trade litigations to counter the use of green industrial policies by their trading partners so that they can expand RE industry competitiveness and the associated manufacturing jobs within their own countries. However, in the absence of systematic studies on the impacts of RE trade duties, evidence regarding their success in achieving these economic goals remains limited. In this paper, the effectiveness of RE trade duties in supporting employment, especially in manufacturing, is assessed. First, the literature on the motivations behind RE trade duties is reviewed, and then the case of trade duties imposed by the US on the imports of solar and wind energy components from China between 2011 and 2019 is examined. Although several factors may drive employment, no evidence is found for the increase in jobs in solar and wind manufacturing in the years after the trade duties were imposed. Meanwhile, downstream jobs in installation, operation and maintenance continued to grow, corresponding to increases in annual installation of solar and wind capacity in the US. These were driven by policy incentives and the declining costs of solar and wind technologies. Overall, this case study highlights the broader implication that trade duties alone are unlikely to promote local manufacturing industries, and countries would benefit from other well-designed policies.
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影响因子：
30.7
作者：
Cristina Peñasco;L. D. Anadón;Elena Verdolini
通讯作者：
Cristina Peñasco;L. D. Anadón;Elena Verdolini
影响因子：
56.7
作者：
Benedict Probst;Vasilios Anatolitis;A. Kontoleon;L. D. Anadón
通讯作者：
Benedict Probst;Vasilios Anatolitis;A. Kontoleon;L. D. Anadón
应对气候变化和公平贸易：在与中国的太阳能电池板争端中寻找欧盟的利益
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Coraline Goron
通讯作者：
Coraline Goron
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Dustin Mulvaney
通讯作者：
Dustin Mulvaney
管理绿色产业政策的权衡：可再生能源政策设计的作用
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Tyeler Matsuo;T. Schmidt
通讯作者：
T. Schmidt