How glycan metabolism shapes the human gut microbiota.

How glycan metabolism shapes the human gut microbiota.
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聚糖代谢如何塑造人类肠道微生物群。

DOI:
10.1038/nrmicro2746
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发表时间:
2012-04-11
期刊:
Nature reviews. Microbiology
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其他
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存在于人体肠道中的共生微生物擅长于觅食多糖和多糖,包括饮食植物(淀粉、半纤维素、果胶)、动物来源的软骨和组织(糖胺聚糖和N-连接的多糖)以及宿主粘液中的内源性多糖(O-连接的多糖)。饮食和内源性多糖丰度的波动,加上这些分子之间巨大的化学差异,创造了一个动态和异质的环境,肠道微生物在其中繁殖。在这篇综述中,我们描述了多糖如何在不同的时间长度内塑造肠道微生物区系的组成,单个微生物降解这些多糖的机制,以及有意影响这个生态系统以获得更好的健康和营养的潜在机会。
Symbiotic microorganisms that reside in the human intestine are adept at foraging glycans and polysaccharides, including those in dietary plants (starch, hemicellulose, pectin), animal-derived cartilage and tissue (glycosaminoglycans and N-linked glycans), and endogenous glycans from host mucus (O-linked glycans). Fluctuations in the abundance of dietary and endogenous glycans, combined with the immense chemical variation among these molecules, create a dynamic and heterogeneous environment in which gut microorganisms proliferate. In this review, we describe how glycans shape the composition of the gut microbiota over various lengths of time, the mechanisms by which individual microorganisms degrade these glycans, and potential opportunities to intentionally influence this ecosystem for better health and nutrition.
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