Still Brighter than Pre-explosion, SN 2012Z Did Not Disappear: Comparing Hubble Space Telescope Observations a Decade Apart

Still Brighter than Pre-explosion, SN 2012Z Did Not Disappear: Comparing Hubble Space Telescope Observations a Decade Apart
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SN 2012Z 仍然比爆炸前更亮,并没有消失:比较哈勃太空望远镜十年的观测结果

DOI:
10.3847/1538-4357/ac3bbd
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发表时间:
2021-06
期刊:
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Yssavo Camacho-Neves
Yssavo Camacho-Neves
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Curtis McCully;Saurabh W. Jha;Richard A. Scalzo;D. Andrew Howell;Ryan J. Foley;Yaotian Zeng;Zheng-Wei Liu;Griffin Hosseinzadeh;Lars Bildsten;Adam G. Riess;Robert P. Kirshner;G. H. Marion;Yssavo Camacho-Neves

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摘要。Iax型超新星(SNe Iax)是特殊白矮星超新星中最大的一类。NGC 1309中的Iax型SN 2012Z是唯一一颗在爆炸前观测中发现祖系统的白矮星超新星。深哈勃太空望远镜(HST)在SN 2012Z之前拍摄的图像显示了一个明亮的蓝色光源,我们将其解释为爆炸的白矮星的氦星伴侣(供体)。我们在这里提供了爆炸后约1400天的后期HST观测来测试该模型。我们发现SN光曲线可以经验地用一个指数衰减模型来拟合。拟合的渐近亮度在我们最新测量值的10%以内,大约是爆炸前光源亮度的两倍。光曲线的衰减太慢,不能由56Co或57Co衰变提供动力:如果放射性衰变是主要的动力来源,那么它一定来自像55Fe这样半衰期较长的物种。与星周物质的相互作用可能有助于形成光曲线,伴星的激波加热也可能如此。伴星模型低估了观测到的光学通量,在这些时期产生了它们在紫外中的大部分通量。白矮星部分分裂后留下的放射性加热束缚残余物也能够产生观测到的过量后期通量。我们的分析表明,在SNe Iax的范围内,总喷出物和残余质量与钱德拉塞卡质量一致。
Abstract. Type Iax supernovae (SNe Iax) represent the largest class of peculiar white dwarf supernovae. The type Iax SN 2012Z in NGC 1309 is the only white dwarf supernova with a detected progenitor system in pre-explosion observations. Deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images taken before SN 2012Z show a luminous, blue source that we have interpreted as a helium-star companion (donor) to the exploding white dwarf. We present here late-time HST observations taken ∼1400 days after the explosion to test this model. We find the SN light curve can empirically be fit by an exponential-decay model in magnitude units. The fitted asymptotic brightness is within 10% of our latest measurements and approximately twice the brightness of the pre-explosion source. The decline of the light curve is too slow to be powered by 56Co or 57Co decay: if radioactive decay is the dominate power source, it must be from longer half-life species like 55Fe. Interaction with circumstellar material may contribute to the light curve, as may shock heating of the companion star. Companion-star models underpredict the observed flux in the optical, producing most of their flux in the UV at these epochs. A radioactively heated bound remnant, left after only a partial disruption of the white dwarf, is also capable of producing the observed excess late-time flux. Our analysis suggests that the total ejecta + remnant mass is consistent with the Chandrasekhar mass for a range of SNe Iax.
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