Bioaccessibility and Human Exposure Assessment of Cadmium and Arsenic in Pakchoi Genotypes Grown in Co-Contaminated Soils.
Bioaccessibility and Human Exposure Assessment of Cadmium and Arsenic in Pakchoi Genotypes Grown in Co-Contaminated Soils.
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共同污染土壤中生长的小白菜基因型中镉和砷的生物可及性和人体暴露评估
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph14090977
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发表时间：
2017-08-29
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gu M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wei Y;Zheng X;Shohag MJI;Gu M
在许多国家，镉（Cd）和砷（As）通常共存于采矿活动污染的土壤中，并且可以通过食用叶类蔬菜（如普遍食用的小白菜（Brassica chinensis L.）），引起严重的健康问题。在本研究中，生物可及性和人类暴露的镉和砷进行了评估，在20个基因型的小白菜培养在两个不同的水平的共同污染，以确定低健康风险的基因型。Cd和As的生物可利用性仅占人体可利用的总金属含量的一小部分，在本研究中，不同基因型和复合污染水平的小白菜Cd和As生物可利用性存在显著差异。高浓度复合污染土壤中小白菜对Cd和As的生物有效性分别为24.0-87.6%和20.1- 82.5%，显著高于低浓度复合污染土壤中的7.9-71.8%和16.1-59.0%。Cd和As的生物可及性确定日摄入量（BEDI）和生物可及性目标危害总量（TBTHQ）在高水平复合污染土壤中也显著高于低水平复合污染土壤。两种基因型梅冠青更菜和珍青60 F1的Cd和As含量相对较低，且具有生物可利用性，其Cd和As的BEDI和TBTHQ均低于FAO/WHO规定的容许限值（镉的BEDI < 0.83 μg kg-1 bw day-1，砷的BEDI < 3 μg kg-1 bw day-1）和美国环境保护局（镉和砷的TBTHQ < 1），这适用于成人和儿童两种水平的共污染土壤。因此，这些研究结果表明，通过基因型筛选和育种方法，在叶菜类蔬菜的安全基因型识别与低健康风险可能是一个有用的策略，以确保粮食作物的安全生长在这些镉和砷共污染的领域，由于采矿活动。
In many countries cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) commonly coexist in soils contaminated by mining activities, and can easily enter the human body via consumption of leafy vegetables, like the popularly consumed pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.), causing major health concerns. In the present study, bioaccessibility and human exposure of Cd and As were assessed in twenty genotypes of pakchoi cultured at two different levels of co-contamination to identify low health risk genotypes. The bioaccessibilities of Cd and As represent a fraction of the total metals content could be bioaccessible for human, in the present study, significant differences in pakchoi Cd and As bioaccessibility were observed among all tested genotypes and co-contaminated levels. Cd and As bioaccessibility of pakchoi were in the ranges of 24.0–87.6% and 20.1–82.5%, respectively, for in the high level co-contaminated soils, which was significantly higher than for low level co-contaminated soils with 7.9–71.8% for Cd bioaccessibility and 16.1–59.0% for As bioaccessibility. The values of bioaccessible established daily intakes (BEDI) and the total bioaccessible target hazard quotients (TBTHQ) of Cd and As were also considerably higher in high level co-contaminated soils than in low level co-contaminated soils. Two genotypes (Meiguanqinggengcai and Zhenqing60F1) contained relatively low concentrations and bioaccessible Cd and As and, their BEDI and TBTHQ for Cd and As ranged below the tolerable limits set by the FAO/WHO (BEDI of Cd < 0.83 μg kg−1 bw day−1, BEDI of As < 3 μg kg−1 bw day−1) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (TBTHQ for Cd and As < 1), this applied for both levels of co-contaminated soils for adults and children. Consequently, these findings suggest identification of safe genotypes in leafy vegetable with low health risk via genotypic screening and breeding methods could be a useful strategy to ensure the safety of food crops grown in those Cd and As co-contaminated fields due to mining activities.
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