Changes in ambient air quality and atmospheric composition and reactivity in the South East of the UK as a result of the COVID-19 lockdown.
Changes in ambient air quality and atmospheric composition and reactivity in the South East of the UK as a result of the COVID-19 lockdown.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142526
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发表时间：
2021-02-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Monks PS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wyche KP;Nichols M;Parfitt H;Beckett P;Gregg DJ;Smallbone KL;Monks PS
COVID-19疫情迫使世界各国政府对日常生活实施限制，以防止病毒传播。这导致人类活动空前减少，并减少了某些空气污染物，即氮氧化物的排放。英国于2020年3月23日实施“封锁”，导致对行动，社交互动以及“非必要”业务和服务的限制。这项研究采用了一套测量和建模技术，以调查英国东南部封锁后空气质量，大气成分和边界层反应性的变化。所采用的技术包括中央和地方当局空气质量监测网络内的现场气相和颗粒相监测、通过长光程差分光学吸收光谱法和Sentinel-5 P的TROPOMI进行遥感以及详细的0-D化学箱建模。调查结果显示，与过去五年同期的平均值相比，NO2浓度平均下降了14-38%。我们发现，去趋势的颗粒物浓度受到区域间污染事件的影响，大多数站点的去趋势臭氧浓度增加了15%，因此总Ox水平大致保持不变。0-D化学箱模型模拟显示，在碳氢化合物限制的臭氧产生机制下，在封锁期间观察到的臭氧浓度增加，其中总氮氧化物的减少比例大于总非甲烷碳氢化合物，这导致总羟基，过氧和有机过氧自由基的增加。这些研究结果表明，COVID-19封锁导致的空气质量变化比最初报告的情况更为复杂，并为未来提供了一个窗口，以说明寻求大规模减少氮氧化物排放而不适当考虑其他活性痕量物质的政策干预的潜在结果。
The COVID-19 pandemic forced governments around the world to impose restrictions on daily life to prevent the spread of the virus. This resulted in unprecedented reductions in anthropogenic activity, and reduced emissions of certain air pollutants, namely oxides of nitrogen. The UK ‘lockdown’ was enforced on 23/03/2020, which led to restrictions on movement, social interaction, and ‘non-essential’ businesses and services. This study employed an ensemble of measurement and modelling techniques to investigate changes in air quality, atmospheric composition and boundary layer reactivity in the South East of the UK post-lockdown. The techniques employed included in-situ gas- and particle-phase monitoring within central and local authority air quality monitoring networks, remote sensing by long path Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy and Sentinel-5P's TROPOMI, and detailed 0-D chemical box modelling. Findings showed that de-trended NO2 concentrations decreased by an average of 14–38% when compared to the mean of the same period over the preceding 5-years. We found that de-trended particulate matter concentrations had been influenced by interregional pollution episodes, and de-trended ozone concentrations had increased across most sites, by up to 15%, such that total Ox levels were roughly preserved. 0-D chemical box model simulations showed the observed increases in ozone concentrations during lockdown under the hydrocarbon-limited ozone production regime, where total NOx decreased proportionally greater than total non-methane hydrocarbons, which led to an increase in total hydroxyl, peroxy and organic peroxy radicals. These findings suggest a more complex scenario in terms of changes in air quality owing to the COVID-19 lockdown than originally reported and provide a window into the future to illustrate potential outcomes of policy interventions seeking large-scale NOx emissions reductions without due consideration of other reactive trace species.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
Cordell, R. L.;Mazet, M.;Monks, P. S.
通讯作者：
Monks, P. S.
DOI：
10.1080/15287398409530500
发表时间：
1984-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
影响因子：
--
作者：
CRAPO, JD;BARRY, BE;MERCER, RR
通讯作者：
MERCER, RR
影响因子：
5
作者：
Brocco, D;Fratarcangeli, R;Ventrone, I
通讯作者：
Ventrone, I
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
CALVERT, JG;DEMERJIAN, KL;KERR, JA
通讯作者：
KERR, JA
影响因子：
10
作者：
Araujo JA;Nel AE
通讯作者：
Nel AE