Ontogeny of domestic dogs and the developmental foundations of carnivoran domestication
Ontogeny of domestic dogs and the developmental foundations of carnivoran domestication
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家犬的个体发育和食肉动物驯化的发育基础
DOI：
10.1007/s10914-016-9346-9
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
M. Geiger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Werneburg;M. Geiger
虽然已知的家犬有数百个品种，但目前只有几十个家猫品种被认可，雪貂也没有被归类为特定的品种。我们研究了这三种肉食性动物的驯化形式的出生前和出生后的发育和生长模式。我们提出了迄今为止最全面的家犬胚胎分期系统，并定义了用于系统发育比较的质量性状。对于出生后的发育，我们提出了新的和文献测量的颅骨和肢体比例的分析。我们分析了不同家犬和家猫品种之间生长发育过程的变化。这三种驯化形式在产前发育的相对时间上有很大的不同。这与出生时的个体发育可塑性有关，这使得人工选择能够发挥作用。对于出生后的发育，我们检测到与家猫相比，家犬个体发育中的形状差异更大。我们得出的结论是，个体发育前提条件和体型大小限制了该物种在家犬和猫身上进行人工选择的能力。然而，我们推测，人类对家养动物功能表现的需求可能会导致一些严重的发育偏差。尽管考虑到雪貂的可塑性胚胎发育，雪貂更适合进行人工选择，但由于它们的体型较小--它们已经很好地适应了在洞穴中的狩猎--而且从人类文化进化的早期阶段开始，家猫和狗就已经承担了其他相关的任务，所以它们对驯养不那么感兴趣。
Whereas hundreds of breeds of domestic dogs are known, only several dozen domestic cat breeds are currently recognized, and the ferret is not classified into specific breeds. We studied pre- and postnatal patterns of development and growth in the domesticated forms of these three carnivoran species. We present the most comprehensive staging system for domestic dog embryos to date and define qualitative characters for phylogenetic comparisons. For postnatal development, we present analyses of new and literature measurements of cranial and limb proportions. We analyze changes in the progress of growth among different domestic dog and domestic cat breeds. All three domesticated forms drastically differ in the relative timing of prenatal development. This is correlated with ontogenetic plasticity at birth, which enables artificial selection to act. For postnatal development, we detected a greater shape variance in domestic dog ontogeny when compared to that of the domestic cat. We conclude that ontogenetic preconditions as well as body size constrain the species’ capability for artificial selection in domestic dogs and cats. However, we speculate that the human requirements for functional performance of their domesticates might render some developmental biases substantially. Although ferrets would be preferable for artificial selection given their plastic embryonic development, they have been of less interest for domestication due to their small body size - by which they were already well adapted for hunting in burrows - and due to the fact that other relevant tasks were already assumed by domestic cats and dogs since earlier phases of human cultural evolution.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Menotti-Raymond, Marilyn;David, Victor A.;Johnson, Warren E.
通讯作者：
Johnson, Warren E.