When money is not enough: awareness, success, and variability in motor learning.
When money is not enough: awareness, success, and variability in motor learning.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0086580
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Diedrichsen J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manley H;Dayan P;Diedrichsen J
当执行一个技能，如投掷飞镖，许多不同的关节运动组合足以击中目标。运动系统快速适应以减少期望结果中的偏差（即，误差的一阶矩）;然而，技巧的本质是产生具有较小可变性的运动（即，减少二阶矩）。很容易看出，关于成功或失败的反馈如何塑造绩效，以实现这一目标。然而，目前还不清楚是否负责成功或失败的尺寸需要明确知道的主题，或者是否学习可以继续没有明确的意识，需要改变的运动参数。在这里，我们设计了一个冗余的，二维的达成任务，我们可以选择性地操纵任务的成功和行动结果的变化，同时也操纵意识的尺寸沿着性能可以提高。通过放大自然误差来操纵可变性，使执行的运动和视觉反馈之间的相关性保持不变，或者通过添加外部噪声，使运动和反馈去相关。我们发现，只有当参与者意识到运动行为必须沿着的维度时，关于成功或失败的明确的、二元的反馈才足以用于学习。如果没有这种意识，只有当外部噪音被添加到反馈中时，学习才会出现，而不是当任务成功或可变性被孤立地操纵时;学习也会慢得多。我们的研究结果强调了在运动学习过程中有意识地意识到相关维度的重要性，并表明结果信号的高阶矩可能在复杂任务的技能学习中发挥重要作用。
When performing a skill such as throwing a dart, many different combinations of joint motions suffice to hit the target. The motor system adapts rapidly to reduce bias in the desired outcome (i.e., the first-order moment of the error); however, the essence of skill is to produce movements with less variability (i.e., to reduce the second-order moment). It is easy to see how feedback about success or failure could sculpt performance to achieve this aim. However, it is unclear whether the dimensions responsible for success or failure need to be known explicitly by the subjects, or whether learning can proceed without explicit awareness of the movement parameters that need to change. Here, we designed a redundant, two-dimensional reaching task in which we could selectively manipulate task success and the variability of action outcomes, whilst also manipulating awareness of the dimension along which performance could be improved. Variability was manipulated either by amplifying natural errors, leaving the correlation between the executed movement and the visual feedback intact, or by adding extrinsic noise, decorrelating movement and feedback. We found that explicit, binary, feedback about success or failure was only sufficient for learning when participants were aware of the dimension along which motor behavior had to change. Without such awareness, learning was only present when extrinsic noise was added to the feedback, but not when task success or variability was manipulated in isolation; learning was also much slower. Our results highlight the importance of conscious awareness of the relevant dimension during motor learning, and suggest that higher-order moments of outcome signals are likely to play a significant role in skill learning in complex tasks.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Harris, CM;Wolpert, DM
通讯作者：
Wolpert, DM
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Dam, Gregory;Koerding, Konrad
通讯作者：
Koerding, Konrad
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Molina-Luna K;Pekanovic A;Röhrich S;Hertler B;Schubring-Giese M;Rioult-Pedotti MS;Luft AR
通讯作者：
Luft AR
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Battaglia, Peter W.;Schrater, Paul R.
通讯作者：
Schrater, Paul R.
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Huang VS;Haith A;Mazzoni P;Krakauer JW
通讯作者：
Krakauer JW