Fertile Crescent crop progenitors gained a competitive advantage from large seedlings.
Fertile Crescent crop progenitors gained a competitive advantage from large seedlings.
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新月沃地作物祖先从大苗中获得了竞争优势。
DOI：
10.1002/ece3.7282
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Osborne CP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Preece C;Jones G;Rees M;Osborne CP
在向农业过渡的过程中，对谷物的驯化导致了广泛的粮食生产，但为什么只有某些物种被驯化仍不清楚。我们测试了作物祖先的幼苗是否具有使其在人为环境中具有竞争优势的功能特征，包括更高的萌发率、更大的幼苗存活率、更快的生长速度和更强的竞争能力。来自肥沃新月的15种野草在受控条件下单独种植，以评估谷类作物祖先和其他从未驯化的野生物种之间的生长差异。通过将这些物种的一个子集作为单一栽培和混合栽培来衡量发芽、幼苗存活和竞争能力的差异。当与其他物种竞争生长时，作物后代的发芽成功率更高，发芽更快，地上生物量更大。没有证据表明幼苗存活率存在差异，但种子大小与一些性状呈正相关，包括净同化率、更高的萌发成功率和竞争条件下更快的萌发。在混合物中，种子质量对发芽成功率和发芽速度的正向影响对作物祖先甚至比对其他野生物种更有利，这表明更适合。因此，在竞争中，对较大的种子个体的选择在作物祖先中可能会更强。肥沃的新月谷类作物后代的强大竞争能力与其较大的幼苗尺寸有关，这代表了这些物种与该地区其他野草之间的一个重要生态差异。这与这样一种假设是一致的，即人类住区周围植物群落内的竞争，或在早期种植下，有利于祖先物种，有利于它们作为作物的成功。通过控制设置实验，我们研究了苗木竞争在物种混合中的作用如何影响肥沃新月地区谷类物种的驯化。在与其他物种竞争生长时，作物后代比其他野生物种具有更高的萌发成功率和更高的地上生物量，种子大小与许多性状呈正相关。我们提供的证据表明，谷类作物祖先的幼苗具有使它们成为更好的竞争对手的特征，并且与种子大小的相互作用表明，在农业起源期间，它们可能扩大了相对于其他野生物种的优势。
Cereal domestication during the transition to agriculture resulted in widespread food production, but why only certain species were domesticated remains unknown. We tested whether seedlings of crop progenitors share functional traits that could give them a competitive advantage within anthropogenic environments, including higher germination, greater seedling survival, faster growth rates, and greater competitive ability. Fifteen wild grass species from the Fertile Crescent were grown individually under controlled conditions to evaluate differences in growth between cereal crop progenitors and other wild species that were never domesticated. Differences in germination, seedling survival, and competitive ability were measured by growing a subset of these species as monocultures and mixtures. Crop progenitors had greater germination success, germinated more quickly and had greater aboveground biomass when grown in competition with other species. There was no evidence of a difference in seedling survival, but seed size was positively correlated with a number of traits, including net assimilation rates, greater germination success, and faster germination under competition. In mixtures, the positive effect of seed mass on germination success and speed of germination was even more beneficial for crop progenitors than for other wild species, suggesting greater fitness. Thus, selection for larger seeded individuals under competition may have been stronger in the crop progenitors. The strong competitive ability of Fertile Crescent cereal crop progenitors, linked to their larger seedling size, represents an important ecological difference between these species and other wild grasses in the region. It is consistent with the hypothesis that competition within plant communities surrounding human settlements, or under early cultivation, benefited progenitor species, favoring their success as crops. Using controlled‐setting experiments, we studied how the domestication of cereal species in the Fertile Crescent was influenced by the role of seedling competition in species mixtures. Crop progenitors had greater germination success and had greater aboveground biomass than other wild species when grown in competition with other species, and seed size was positively correlated with a number of traits. We provide evidence that the seedlings of cereal crop progenitors have traits that make them better competitors and that interactions with seed size show how they may have amplified their advantage over other wild species during the origins of agriculture.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Bu, Haiyan;Chen, Xuelin;Du, Guozhen
通讯作者：
Du, Guozhen
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Armas, C;Ordiales, R;Pugnaire, FI
通讯作者：
Pugnaire, FI
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
CHAMBERS, JC
通讯作者：
CHAMBERS, JC
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
CHAPIN, FS;GROVES, RH;EVANS, LT
通讯作者：
EVANS, LT
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Cunniff J;Wilkinson S;Charles M;Jones G;Rees M;Osborne CP
通讯作者：
Osborne CP