Rational design of hydrogels for immunomodulation.

Rational design of hydrogels for immunomodulation.
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免疫调节水凝胶的合理设计

DOI:
10.1093/rb/rbac009
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Mata A
Mata A
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bu W;Wu Y;Ghaemmaghami AM;Sun H;Mata A

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免疫系统保护生物体免受内源性和外源性伤害,并在组织发育、修复和再生中发挥关键作用。传统的免疫调节生物制剂存在被酶降解、半衰期短和缺乏靶向能力等局限性。在生物材料中封装或结合这些生物制剂是解决这些问题的有效方法。水凝胶因其突出的生物相容性、可调性和多功能性而成为一种很有前途的免疫调节材料。然而,为了利用这些机会并优化材料性能,更具体地阐明和利用水凝胶如何影响和控制免疫反应是很重要的。在这里,我们总结了水凝胶的关键物理和化学性质如何影响免疫反应。我们首先概述了暴露于生物材料后宿主免疫反应的基本步骤。然后,我们讨论了免疫调节策略的最新进展,其中水凝胶通过(i)物理性质(包括尺寸,刚度,孔隙度和地形)发挥关键作用;(ii)化学性质,包括润湿性、电性能和分子表现;(iii)通过化学或物理线索传递生物活性分子。因此,本综述旨在为设计能够调节宿主免疫反应的免疫指导性水凝胶建立一个概念和实用的工具包。
The immune system protects organisms against endogenous and exogenous harm and plays a key role in tissue development, repair and regeneration. Traditional immunomodulatory biologics exhibit limitations including degradation by enzymes, short half-life and lack of targeting ability. Encapsulating or binding these biologics within biomaterials is an effective way to address these problems. Hydrogels are promising immunomodulatory materials because of their prominent biocompatibility, tuneability and versatility. However, to take advantage of these opportunities and optimize material performance, it is important to more specifically elucidate, and leverage on, how hydrogels affect and control the immune response. Here, we summarize how key physical and chemical properties of hydrogels affect the immune response. We first provide an overview of underlying steps of the host immune response upon exposure to biomaterials. Then, we discuss recent advances in immunomodulatory strategies where hydrogels play a key role through (i) physical properties including dimensionality, stiffness, porosity and topography; (ii) chemical properties including wettability, electric property and molecular presentation;and (iii) the delivery of bioactive molecules via chemical or physical cues. Thus, this review aims to build a conceptual and practical toolkit for the design of immune-instructive hydrogels capable of modulating the host immune response.
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