A high-resolution map of synteny disruptions in gibbon and human genomes.
A high-resolution map of synteny disruptions in gibbon and human genomes.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.0020223
复制
发表时间：
2006-12-29
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
de Jong PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carbone L;Vessere GM;ten Hallers BF;Zhu B;Osoegawa K;Mootnick A;Kofler A;Wienberg J;Rogers J;Humphray S;Scott C;Harris RA;Milosavljevic A;de Jong PJ
长臂猿与人类和类人猿属于同一个超家族（人科），但他们的核型与共同的人科祖先分化得更快。要将假定的长臂猿祖先的核型转变为类人猿祖先的核型，至少需要24个主要的染色体重排。多达28个额外的重排将各种现存物种与共同的长臂猿祖先区分开来。以北方白颊长臂猿（2n = 52） （Nomascus leucogenys leucogenys）为模型，建立了长臂猿与人类同源区域的高分辨率图谱。100个合成断点相对于组装的人类基因组的位置以大约200kb的分辨率确定。有趣的是，46%的长臂猿与人类的同源性断点发生在与人类谱系中的片段复制相对应的区域，这表明可塑性的共同来源导致了这两个物种的不同结果。此外，跨越进化断点的11个长臂猿bac的完整序列揭示了在精确的断点位置上的片段重复或穿插重复。在独立的重排中似乎没有特定的序列元素是共同的。我们推测，在长臂猿中看到的异常高水平的重排可能是由于染色体断裂或衍生染色体在纯合子状态下固定的发生率增加的因素。人们普遍认为，哺乳动物的染色体在1亿多年的进化过程中经历了有限次数的重排。令人惊讶的是，一些物种的重排发生率大幅增加，包括易位（两条非同源染色体之间的交换）、倒位（一条染色体片段的方向改变）、分裂和融合。在灵长类动物中，长臂猿表现出最不稳定的染色体模式。长臂猿的染色体结构与他们最近与人类共同的祖先有很大的不同，他们在1500万年前从人类进化而来。作者对造成这种不稳定的机制很感兴趣。在这项研究中，他们采用现代技术比较了人类和白颊长臂猿的染色体，并定位了两个物种之间所有同源性中断的区域。他们的发现表明，长臂猿染色体重组的分子机制与其他哺乳动物相同。为了解释长臂猿染色体重排发生率高10倍的原因，有必要进一步研究其他生物学因素，如近亲繁殖和种群动态。
Gibbons are part of the same superfamily (Hominoidea) as humans and great apes, but their karyotype has diverged faster from the common hominoid ancestor. At least 24 major chromosome rearrangements are required to convert the presumed ancestral karyotype of gibbons into that of the hominoid ancestor. Up to 28 additional rearrangements distinguish the various living species from the common gibbon ancestor. Using the northern white-cheeked gibbon (2n = 52) (Nomascus leucogenys leucogenys) as a model, we created a high-resolution map of the homologous regions between the gibbon and human. The positions of 100 synteny breakpoints relative to the assembled human genome were determined at a resolution of about 200 kb. Interestingly, 46% of the gibbon–human synteny breakpoints occur in regions that correspond to segmental duplications in the human lineage, indicating a common source of plasticity leading to a different outcome in the two species. Additionally, the full sequences of 11 gibbon BACs spanning evolutionary breakpoints reveal either segmental duplications or interspersed repeats at the exact breakpoint locations. No specific sequence element appears to be common among independent rearrangements. We speculate that the extraordinarily high level of rearrangements seen in gibbons may be due to factors that increase the incidence of chromosome breakage or fixation of the derivative chromosomes in a homozygous state. It is commonly accepted that mammalian chromosomes have undergone a limited number of rearrangements during the course of more than 100 million years of evolution. Surprisingly, some species have experienced a large increase in the incidence of rearrangements, including translocations (exchange between two non-homologous chromosomes), inversions (change of orientation of one chromosomal segment), fissions, and fusions. Within the primate order, gibbons exhibit the most strikingly unstable chromosome pattern. Gibbon chromosomal structure greatly differs from that of their most recent common ancestor with humans from which they diverged over 15 million years ago. The authors are interested in the mechanisms causing this extraordinary instability. In this study, they employed modern techniques to compare the human and white-cheeked gibbon chromosomes and to localize all the regions of disrupted homology between the two species. Their findings indicate that the molecular mechanism of gibbon chromosomal reshuffling is based on the same principles as in other mammalian species. To explain the 10-fold higher incidence of gibbon chromosomal rearrangements, it will be necessary to pursue future studies into other biological factors such as inbreeding and population dynamics.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
12.3
作者：
Bailey JA;Baertsch R;Kent WJ;Haussler D;Eichler EE
通讯作者：
Eichler EE
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Casals, F;C치ceres, M;Ruiz, A
通讯作者：
Ruiz, A
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Eder, V;Ventura, M;Archidiacono, N
通讯作者：
Archidiacono, N
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Gotter, AL;Shaikh, TH;Emanuel, BS
通讯作者：
Emanuel, BS
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
KOEHLER, U;ARNOLD, N;STANYON, R
通讯作者：
STANYON, R