Matricellular proteins: multifaceted extracellular regulators in tumor dormancy.

Matricellular proteins: multifaceted extracellular regulators in tumor dormancy.
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基质细胞蛋白:肿瘤休眠中的多方面细胞外调节因子

DOI:
10.1007/s13238-014-0023-6
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发表时间:
2014-04
期刊:
影响因子:
21.1
通讯作者:
Ouyang G
Ouyang G
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wu T;Ouyang G

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严格控制的细胞外基质(ECM)的动态平衡和重塑对于正常的器官动态平衡、伤口愈合和组织修复至关重要。然而,在各种炎症性疾病和肿瘤中,过度或不受控制的ECM沉积会导致组织微环境的异常稳态。基质细胞蛋白是一组结构上无关的细胞外基质蛋白,它们在组织结构中不起主要作用,但在胚胎发育、组织损伤、炎症和肿瘤进展中具有调节作用。最近的两项研究表明,休眠肿瘤细胞周围ECM中的基质蛋白可能决定了肿瘤细胞保持静止或经历转移生长的命运。发现在肿瘤休眠期间调节细胞外基质动态平衡和重塑特定器官生态位的基质细胞蛋白可能为开发针对肿瘤休眠的治疗措施提供潜在的细胞外新靶点。许多接受手术切除原发肿瘤的癌症患者在几个月、几年甚至几十年后出现转移复发。目前的证据支持这样的观点,即肿瘤细胞可以在肿瘤进展的早期阶段扩散。播散性肿瘤细胞(DTC)在敌意部位以静止状态存在,但在允许和支持的微环境中可以从静止转变为增殖转移生长。越来越多的数据表明,肿瘤休眠可以被视为一种长期的无症状阶段,在此期间,肿瘤细胞要么保持静止状态,要么由于免疫监视或血管生成不足而导致细胞死亡来平衡其增殖(Aguirre-Ghiso,2007;Giancotti,2013;Hensel等人,2013)(图1)。与肿瘤发生和发展的其他过程类似,肿瘤休眠由细胞内信号通路和组织微环境信号共同控制。然而,DTC是如何进入静止和随后重新激活的,以及哪些类型的微环境线索有助于
Tightly controlled extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and remodeling is critical for normal organ homeostasis, wound healing and tissue repair. However, excessive or uncontrolled ECM deposition contributes to aberrant homeostasis of tissue microenvironment in various inflammatory diseases and tumors. Matricellular proteins are a set of structurally unrelated ECM proteins that do not exert a primary role in tissue architecture but have regulatory roles in embryonic development, tissue injury, inflammation and tumor progression. Two recent studies demonstrated that matricellular proteins in the ECM surrounding dormant tumor cells may determine the fate of tumor cells to remain quiescent or undergo metastatic outgrowth. The identification of matricellular proteins in regulating ECM homeostasis and remodeling specific organ niches during tumor dormancy may provide potential novel extracellular targets for the development of therapeutic interventions against tumor dormancy.Many cancer patients who have undergone surgical resection of their primary tumors suffer from metastatic relapse several months, years or even decades later. Current evidence supports the idea that tumor cells can be disseminated at an early stage of tumor progression. The disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) exist in a quiescent state at a hostile site, but may switch from quiescence to proliferative metastatic growth in a permissive and supportive microenvironment. Increasing data suggest that tumor dormancy can be regarded as a protracted asymptomatic stage during which tumor cells either remain in a quiescent state or their proliferation is balanced by cell death due to immunosurveillance or insufficient angiogenesis (Aguirre-Ghiso, 2007; Giancotti, 2013; Hensel et al., 2013)(Fig. 1). Similar to other processes in tumorigenesis and progression, tumor dormancy is governed by both intracellular signaling pathways and tissue microenvironment cues. However, how DTCs enter into quiescence and subsequently reactivate, as well as which types of microenvironmental cues contribute to the
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