Autophagy preserves hematopoietic stem cells by restraining MTORC1-mediated cellular anabolism.

Autophagy preserves hematopoietic stem cells by restraining MTORC1-mediated cellular anabolism.
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自噬通过抑制 MTORC1 介导的细胞合成代谢来保护造血干细胞。

DOI:
10.1080/15548627.2023.2247310
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发表时间:
2024-01
期刊:
影响因子:
13.3
通讯作者:
Simon, Anna Katharina
Simon, Anna Katharina
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Borsa, Mariana;Obba, Sandrine;Richter, Felix C.;Zhang, Hanlin;Riffelmacher, Thomas;Carrelha, Joana;Alsaleh, Ghada;Jacobsen, Sten Eirik W.;Simon, Anna Katharina

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成体干细胞寿命长且处于静止状态,具有独特的代谢要求。巨自噬/自噬是一种基本的生存机制,允许细胞通过降解和回收细胞内成分来适应代谢变化。在这里,我们探讨为什么自噬耗竭会导致干细胞区室的急剧损失。通过在成体造血干细胞 (HSC) 以及自噬缺陷和正常 HSC 嵌合的小鼠中使用诱导性自噬缺失,我们证明干细胞损失是细胞固有的。从机制上讲,与具有自噬能力的细胞相比,自噬缺陷的 HSC 表现出多种氨基酸转运蛋白 (AAT) 的更高表达,从而导致氨基酸 (AA) 摄取增加。随后,MTOR(雷帕霉素的机械靶标)持续激活,导致细胞尺寸增大、葡萄糖摄取和翻译增加,这对静止的 HSC 是有害的。雷帕霉素体内治疗抑制 MTOR 能够挽救自噬缺陷的 HSC 损失和骨髓衰竭,并导致移植后更好的重建。我们的结果表明,靶向 MTOR 可以改善衰老干细胞功能,促进重编程和干细胞移植。缩写列表:5FU:氟尿嘧啶; AA:氨基酸; AKT/PKB:胸腺瘤病毒原癌基因1; ATF4:激活转录因子4; BafA:巴弗洛霉素A1; BM:骨髓; EIF2:真核起始因子2; EIF4EBP1/4EBP1:真核翻译起始因子4E结合蛋白1; KIT/CD117/c-Kit:KIT原癌基因受体酪氨酸激酶; HSC:造血干细胞; HSPC:造血干细胞和祖细胞; Kyn: 犬尿氨酸; LSK:谱系−(Lin−)、LY6A/Sca-1+、KIT/c-Kit/CD117+; LY6A/Sca-1:淋巴细胞抗原6家族成员A; MTOR:雷帕霉素激酶的机制靶点; MTORC1:MTOR 复合物 1; MTORC2:MTOR 复合物 2; OPP:O-炔丙基-嘌呤霉素; PI3K:磷酸肌醇3-激酶;聚(I:C):聚肌苷:聚胞苷酸; RPS6/S6:核糖体蛋白S6; tam:他莫昔芬; TCA:三羧酸; TFEB:转录因子EB; PTPRC/CD45:C 型蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶受体,CD45 抗原。
Adult stem cells are long-lived and quiescent with unique metabolic requirements. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a fundamental survival mechanism that allows cells to adapt to metabolic changes by degrading and recycling intracellular components. Here we address why autophagy depletion leads to a drastic loss of the stem cell compartment. Using inducible deletion of autophagy specifically in adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and in mice chimeric for autophagy-deficient and normal HSCs, we demonstrate that the stem cell loss is cell-intrinsic. Mechanistically, autophagy-deficient HSCs showed higher expression of several amino acid transporters (AAT) when compared to autophagy-competent cells, resulting in increased amino acid (AA) uptake. This was followed by sustained MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) activation, with enlarged cell size, glucose uptake and translation, which is detrimental to the quiescent HSCs. MTOR inhibition by rapamycin treatment in vivo was able to rescue autophagy-deficient HSC loss and bone marrow failure and resulted in better reconstitution after transplantation. Our results suggest that targeting MTOR may improve aged stem cell function, promote reprogramming and stem cell transplantation. List of abbreviations: 5FU: fluoracil; AA: amino acids; AKT/PKB: thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1; ATF4: activating transcription factor 4; BafA: bafilomycin A1; BM: bone marrow; EIF2: eukaryotic initiation factor 2; EIF4EBP1/4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; KIT/CD117/c-Kit: KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase; HSCs: hematopoietic stem cells; HSPCs: hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells; Kyn: kynurenine; LSK: lineage− (Lin−), LY6A/Sca-1+, KIT/c-Kit/CD117+; LY6A/Sca-1: lymphocyte antigen 6 family member A; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; MTORC2: MTOR complex 2; OPP: O-propargyl-puromycin; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; poly(I:C): polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid; RPS6/S6: ribosomal protein S6; tam: tamoxifen; TCA: tricarboxylic acid; TFEB: transcription factor EB; PTPRC/CD45: Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type C, CD45 antigen.
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