Geodynamic Mantle Modeling and Its Relation to Origin and Preservation of Life
Geodynamic Mantle Modeling and Its Relation to Origin and Preservation of Life
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地球动力学地幔模型及其与生命起源和保存的关系
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-02165-2_42
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Hendel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Walzer;R. Hendel
第 1 节涉及生命起源的假设。这些不同的假设需要不同的地球动力学和构造地质学先决条件。例如，在化学自养代谢第一假说的情况下，板块构造机制是必要的，其中包含减少火山喷发的位点。研究表明，生物物种的大规模灭绝受到地幔内生演化的对流分异机制的影响。尤其是 LIP 喷发似乎是大规模灭绝事件的主要原因。有时，火流星的影响会在生态受到压力、LIP 产生的情况下导致灭绝事件。第 2 节报告了我们在板块构造自洽建模方面所做的努力。为了促进板块状运动，需要两个条件，即低粘度软流圈和偏离岩石圈纯粘性本构方程。我们的建模结果表明，地幔 3D 球壳模型中已经相对简单的附加假设会产生沿着地球表面移动的海洋岩石圈板块，并随着时间的变化而改变其形状和大小。第 3 节描述了大陆地壳 (CC) 幕式生长的新模型。在遗传学第一假说或太阳辐射或闪电能量供应的代谢第一假说的情况下，陆表海洋、泻湖和池塘的CC的存在直接决定了生命的起源。此外，最重要的营养来源来自上部CC。我们将地幔橄榄岩与水浓度相关的固相线模型放入 3-D 球壳动态地幔模型中，该模型具有化学分异作用，可重新分配产热元素。结果，我们获得了一组 CC 生长事件的时间分布，这些分布对于熔化准则参数 f3 的变化表现出一定的时间不变性。横向平均表面热流密度qob、尤里数Ur 和蠕变动能Ekin 显示时间正弦分量叠加单调递减的曲线。第 4 节讨论部分未知的物理量分布，这些知识对于计算动态火星对流微分系统是必要的。火星早期的强磁偶极子是否是由于前 500 Ma 期间火星地幔中固态对流的板块构造模式导致的更有效的核心冷却而产生的，目前尚不清楚。第 5 节概述了通过国际 Terra 开发者团体的合作在 Terra 代码的发展方面取得的数字进展。
Section 1 refers to hypotheses on the origin of life. These different hypotheses require distinct geodynamic and structural-geology prerequisites. For example, in case of chemoautotrophic metabolism-first hypotheses, a plate-tectonic mechanism is necessary that contains sites of reducing volcanic exhalations. It was shown that the mass extinctions of biological species are influenced by the convection-differentiation mechanism of the endogenic evolution of the Earth’s mantle. Especially LIP-producing eruptions appear to be the principal reason for mass extinction events. Occasionally, bolide impacts cause an extinction event in an ecologically stressed, LIP-generated situation. Section 2 reports on our efforts pertaining to the self-consistent modeling of plate tectonics. To facilitate plate-like motions, two conditions are required, namely a low-viscosity asthenosphere and a deviation from the purely viscous constitutive equation of the lithosphere. Our modeling results show that already relatively simple additional assumptions in a 3-D spherical-shell model of the Earth’s mantle produce oceanic lithospheric plates moving along the Earth’s surface and changing their shape and size as a function of time. Section 3 describes a new model of episodic growth of continental crust (CC). In the case of genetics-first hypotheses or of metabolism-first hypotheses with solar irradiation or lightning energy supply, the existence of CC with epicontinental seas, lagoons and ponds is directly determining for the origin of life. Furthermore, the most important sources of nutrients originate from the upper CC. We put a water-concentration dependent solidus model of mantle peridotite into a 3-D spherical-shell, dynamic mantle model with chemical differentiation that redistributes the heat-producing elements. As a result, we obtain a set of temporal distributions of CC growth episodes that show a certain temporal invariance for a variation of the melting-criterion parameter,f3. The laterally averaged surface heat flow densityqob, the Urey numberUr, and the kinetic creep energyEkinshow temporally sinusoidal components superposing a monotonously decreasing curve. Section 4 discusses partly unknown distributions of physical quantities, the knowledge of which is necessary for the computation of a dynamic Martian convection-differentiation system. It is ambiguous whether the early strong Martian magnetic dipole was generated by the more effective core cooling due to a plate-tectonic mode of solid-state convection in the Martian mantle during the first 500 Ma. Section 5 outlines the numerical progress in the advancement of the Terra code that was achieved by cooperation of the international group of Terra developers.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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