Driving Apart and Segregating Genomes in Archaea.
Driving Apart and Segregating Genomes in Archaea.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tim.2016.07.001
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发表时间：
2016-12
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Barilla, Daniela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barilla, Daniela
基因组分离是来自生命各个领域的生物体的一个基本的生物学过程。在真核生物中，细胞周期的这一阶段是如何展开的已经被清楚地定义，并且在揭开细菌中的染色体分割方面已经取得了相当大的进展。在古生代，这幅图景仍然难以捉摸。这个区域的谱系表现出不同的细胞周期生活方式和广泛的染色体拷贝数，从1到55不等。这种多元化的模式表明，可能有多种机制支持DNA分子的解缠和递送到子细胞。在这里，我描述了古生物基因组维护方面的最新进展，包括对新的基因组分离机器的调查，这些机器指出了不可预见的细菌和真核连接。古生物界不同成员的细胞周期特征有相当大的差异。到目前为止，在单倍体新月形藻和多倍体真尾藻之间，在染色体拷贝数方面出现了明显的分歧。SMC蛋白似乎在染色体分离中扮演着重要的角色，尽管还需要进一步的研究来证实它们在这一过程中的作用和影响。细菌副DNA分配蛋白的同源基因广泛存在于古生代，并已被证明与古生菌特有的因子协同参与染色体分离。最近的研究揭示了一种三组分的基因组分离机制，该机制借用了细菌和尤卡里亚的积木。
Genome segregation is a fundamental biological process in organisms from all domains of life. How this stage of the cell cycle unfolds in Eukarya has been clearly defined and considerable progress has been made to unravel chromosome partition in Bacteria. The picture is still elusive in Archaea. The lineages of this domain exhibit different cell-cycle lifestyles and wide-ranging chromosome copy numbers, fluctuating from 1 up to 55. This plurality of patterns suggests that a variety of mechanisms might underpin disentangling and delivery of DNA molecules to daughter cells. Here I describe recent developments in archaeal genome maintenance, including investigations of novel genome segregation machines that point to unforeseen bacterial and eukaryotic connections. Considerable diversity is observed in the features of the cell cycle of different members of the Archaea domain. For the species characterized to date, a marked divide has emerged between monoploid Crenarchaea and polyploid Euryarchaea with regard to chromosome copy number. SMC proteins appear to play an important role in chromosome segregation, although further studies are needed to substantiate their action and impact on the process. Orthologs of bacterial ParA DNA partition proteins are widespread across Archaea and have been shown to be involved in chromosome segregation in synergy with archaea-specific factors. Recent investigations have disclosed a three-component genome segregation machinery borrowing building blocks from Bacteria and Eukarya.
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