Racially fair pupillometry measurements for RGB smartphone cameras using the far red spectrum.
Racially fair pupillometry measurements for RGB smartphone cameras using the far red spectrum.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-023-40796-0
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发表时间：
2023-08-24
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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瞳孔测量法是一种测量瞳孔扩张的方法，通常作为神经学评估的一部分进行。先前的工作已经证明了瞳孔测量法在筛查或诊断包括阿尔茨海默病、精神分裂症和创伤性脑损伤在内的许多神经疾病方面的潜力。不幸的是，专门的验光仪在近红外光谱中成像，费用昂贵且无法获得，限制了资源丰富的诊所或机构的测量。理想情况下，这种测量可以通过智能手机或配备集成可见光光谱成像系统的平板电脑等无处不在的设备进行。在RGB相机的可见光谱中，虹膜中的黑色素吸收光线，因此很难区分看起来是黑色的瞳孔。在本文中，我们提出了一种新的瞳孔测量技术，使智能手机RGB摄像头能够有效地区分瞳孔和虹膜。提出的系统利用630纳米的长通滤光片在远红(630-700纳米)光谱中成像，虹膜中的黑色素反射光线，与黑暗的瞳孔相比显得更亮。利用卷积神经网络，该系统可以在一帧接一帧视频中动态变化时测量瞳孔直径。比较4种不同的智能手机型号，N=12名参与者的瞳孔虹膜对比度与所提出的系统相比平均增加了451%。在一项对11名参与者进行的验证研究中，将所提出的系统与Neuroptics PLR-3000瞳孔测量仪在瞳孔光反应测试中的相对瞳孔变化进行了比较，原型系统获得了2.4%的平均绝对误差。
Pupillometry is a measurement of pupil dilation commonly performed as part of neurological assessments. Prior work have demonstrated the potential for pupillometry in screening or diagnosing a number of neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s Disease, Schizophrenia, and Traumatic Brain Injury. Unfortunately, the expense and inaccessibility of specialized pupilometers that image in the near infrared spectrum limit the measurement to high resource clinics or institutions. Ideally, this measurement could be available via ubiquitous devices like smartphones or tablets with integrated visible spectrum imaging systems. In the visible spectrum of RGB cameras, the melanin in the iris absorbs light such that it is difficult to distinguish the pupil aperature that appears black. In this paper, we propose a novel pupillometry technique to enable smartphone RGB cameras to effectively differentiate the pupil from the iris. The proposed system utilizes a 630 nm long-pass filter to image in the far red (630–700 nm) spectrum, where the melanin in the iris reflects light to appear brighter in constrast to the dark pupil. Using a convolutional neural network, the proposed system measures pupil diameter as it dynamically changes in a frame by frame video. Comparing across 4 different smartphone models, the pupil-iris contrast of N = 12 participants increases by an average of 451% with the proposed system. In a validation study of N = 11 participants comparing the relative pupil change in the proposed system to a Neuroptics PLR-3000 Pupillometer during a pupillary light response test, the prototype system acheived a mean absolute error of 2.4%.
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影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Emelifeonwu, John A.;Reid, Kirsten;Myles, Lynn
通讯作者：
Myles, Lynn
DOI：
10.1016/j.cortex.2017.09.025
发表时间：
2017-12
期刊：
Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior
影响因子：
--
作者：
Elman JA;Panizzon MS;Hagler DJ Jr;Eyler LT;Granholm EL;Fennema-Notestine C;Lyons MJ;McEvoy LK;Franz CE;Dale AM;Kremen WS
通讯作者：
Kremen WS
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Kremen, William S.;Panizzon, Matthew S.;Franz, Carol E.
通讯作者：
Franz, Carol E.
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Reddy, L. Felice;Reavis, Eric A.;Green, Michael F.
通讯作者：
Green, Michael F.
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Emanuel, Alan Joseph;Do, Michael Tri Hoang
通讯作者：
Do, Michael Tri Hoang